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Regulatory: Malignant Hyperthermia - Coggle Diagram
Regulatory: Malignant Hyperthermia
Pathophysiology/Etiology
Patient is exposed to specific anesthetic drugs (i.e. halothane, succinylcholine)
Medication stimulates muscle cells to release stored calcium, causing muscle rigidity and contraction
Body enters hypermetabolic state, metabolic acidosis develops
Muscle activity and altered calcium concentration creates excess heat and causes hyperthermia
Muscle breakdown, CNS damage, and hyperkalemia from cell death
Etiology: genetically predisposed
Risk Factors
Family history of MH or unexplained death during surgery
Strong or bulky muscular frame
History of muscle cramps or weakness
Symptoms
Tachycardia (>150 bpm), irregular heartbeat
Oliguria and dark colored urine
Hypercapnia
Muscle rigidity esp. masseter muscle
Hyperthermia
Tachypnea
Complications
Muscle tissue breakdown and rhabdomyolysis
Cardiac arrhythmias from hyperkalemia
Bleeding and thrombosis
Labs/Diagnostics
Electrolyte lab
Hyperkalemia (>5 mEq/L)
ABGs
Metabolic acidosis (<22 mEq/L)
Respiratory acidosis (>45 mm Hg)
pH <7.35
Genetic testing for susceptibility
Collaborative Treatment
Administer antidote, Dantrolene
Prevents release of calcium
Consult treatment protocol in OR
Correct electrolyte and ABG imbalances
Treat hyperthermia