Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Foot and Ankle functional anatomy - Coggle Diagram
Foot and Ankle functional anatomy
4 layers of muscle
Most superficial to deep
-layer 1: abd H, FDB, Abd DM
-layer 2: QP, lumbricals, tendons of FHL, FDL
-layer 3: FHB, add h, FDMB
-layer 4: PAD (3), DAB (4) interossei, tendons of Fib L, Post tib
ROM needed for gait
-DF 6-10 deg
-PF 20-30 deg
-Inv/eversion 4-6 deg
pronation/supination of foot
-in OKC pronation calcaneous everts, abducts and DF
-in CKC pronation occurs at heel strike through LR
-IR of tibia promotes talar adduction/PF, calc everts
-in OKC calcaneous inverts, adducts/PF on talus
in CKC supination occurs at start of midstance to toe off
-ER of tibia leads to talar abduction/DF
windlass mechanism
-foot intrinsics and PF are supinators of subtalar joint
-DF of toes results in tensing of PF and increasing arch height
arches of the foot
-longitudinal arches
MLA (calc, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, 1-3 MT) and LLA (calc, cuboid, 4 and 5 MT)
-transverse arches
proximal (navicular and cuneiforms) and distal (head of all 5 MT)
pes planus
-rigid or flexible
-rigid often due to tarsal coalition or vertical talus
-flexible is normal variant
often present in children up until 6 or 7
pes cavus
-normal variant of high arch foot
-more common in NM disease
-typical presentation is 8-10 y.o. with ankle pain, who habitually toe walks with tight achilles and limited DF
arthrodesis
-preferred immobilization in neutral DF, slight valgus (0-5 deg), and ER (5-10 deg)
fibula bear 12-17% of BW
Ficks angle: position of outtoeing (12-18 deg) in neutral standing
deltoid ligament
-superficial-attachments from distal tibia to navicular, sustentaculum tali, and talus
-vertically oriented and limit excessive rearfoot eversion
-deep-run transversely from distal tibia ant/post to talus
-resists excessive abduction
injured as sprain or avulsion from medial malleolus in fracture
-tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, ant/post tibiotalar
lateral collateral ligaments
-ant/post talofibular-primarily resists inv in PF position
-calcaneofibular-resists inversion in DF position
-provide reciprocal stability to rearfoot
lisfranc ligament
-from 1st cuneiform to 2nd MT, commonly avulses from 2nd MT
spring ligament
-aka calcaneonavicular lig
-supports arch of foot and talonavicular joint