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Communication and Interpersonal Skills - Coggle Diagram
Communication and Interpersonal Skills
Are written communications more effective than verbal ones?
Written message also have their drawbacks.
Writing may be more precise, but it also consumes a great deal of time.
The major disadvantage is feedback, or rather the lack of it. Verbal communications allow receivers to respond rapidly to what they think they hear. Written communication does not have a built-in feedback mechanism. No guarantee that the receiver will receive it and no guarantee that the receiver will understand the sender’s meaning.
The “
grapevine”
is the unofficial way that communications take place in an organization.
It is neither authorized nor supported by the organization. Information is spread by word of mouth. Good information passes along rapidly and bad information even faster.
The grapevine gets information out to organizational members as quickly as possible.
The
biggest question
raised about
grapevines
focuses on the accuracy of the rumors.
In an organization characterized by openness, the grapevine may be extremely accurate.
In an authoritative culture, the rumors may not be accurate. Although the information under this circumstance may not be accurate, it still contains an element of truth.
Nonverbal communication mostly occurs in two forms:
Body language
Verbal intonation
Both can be quite meaningful.
Definition:
Body language
refers to gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements.
Hand motions, facial expressions, and other gestures can communicate emotions and temperaments such as aggression, fear, shyness, arrogance, joy, and anger.
Definition: Verbal intonations
refers to the emphasis someone gives to words and phrases.
A soft, smooth tone creates a different meaning from one that is abrasive with a strong emphasis on the last word.
The fact that every oral communication also has a nonverbal message can not be overemphasized.
Why? Because
the nonverbal component is likely to carry the greatest impact
.
Without complete agreement between a speaker’s spoken words and body language, receivers are more likely to react to body language as the true meaning.
What barriers keep communication from being effective?
Barriers to Effective Communication:
Filtering
Selective perception
Information overload
Emotions
Language
Gender
National culture
Filtering
Definition:
Filtering is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.
Personal interests and perceptions of what is important are the two major influences which lead to filtering.
The extent of filtering
in an organization tends to be the function of the organization’s culture and the number of vertical levels in the organization.
More vertical levels in an organization mean more opportunities for filtering. If an organization is less hierarchical, information might be less of a problem.
The organizational culture encourages or discourages filtering by the type of behavior it rewards.
The more that organizational rewards emphasize style and appearance, the more managers will be motivated to filter communications in their favor.
Selective perception
Definition:
Selective perception is
receiving communications on the basis of
what one selectively sees and hears.
How an individual selectively perceives depends on his or her needs, motivation, experience, background, and other personal characteristics.
Communications receivers also project their interests and expectations as they decode the communication.
Information overload
Definition:
Information overload is when the amount of information a person has to work with exceeds the person’s processing ability.
Individuals have a finite capacity to process data. In addition, an individual’s capacity from time to time can vary depending on the circumstances and conditions that the individual must handle.
What happens when a person has more information than he or she can use?
That person is likely to select out, ignore, pass over, or forget information. Or, that may put off further processing until the overload situation is over. In either case, the result is lost information and less effective communication.