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Language, Central University of Ecuador, Faculty of Philosophy, Letters…
Language
Concepts
System of human communication
Structured arrangement of sounds
Written and spoken symbols
Movements
Variety of languages
Number
Distinctive sounds
Consonants
Vowels
Classification of languages
Verbal
Everything that is pronounced and makes sense.
Language family
Group of languages
Descendent
Common ancestor
Proto-language
Same origin
Individual language
Works as a whole from the same family.
Living languages
People still living who learned it as a first language.
Extinct languages
Languages that are not longer living.
Nobody has learned it as mother tongue/first language.
Ancient languages
It went extinct in ancient times.
Its existence must have been documented.
Historic languages
Distinct from any modern languages that descended from it.
Example: Old English and Middle English
Constructed languages
Artificial or man-created languages.
Phyton, Java, C++.
Dialect
Variety of a language
Spoken in a determined geographical area.
Depends of
Region
Regional dialect.
Particular social class
Social dialect / sociolect.
Dialectology
Science that studies dialects.
Language intelligibility
Speaker's output that could be understood by a listener.
Mutual intelligibility
Relationship between languages
Speakers of different but related languages can understand each other without intentional study or extraordinary effort.
Asymmetric intelligibility
Two languages are considered mutually intelligible.
Speech intelligibility
Standard languages
A certain dialect used in a written form.
Minimization of linguistic variation.
Academic writing.
They develop their own jargon according to the knowledge area they work.
Non-Standard language
Never appropriate in writing unless it is a deliberate direct quotation.
It does not follow the rules of a standard language.
Idiolect
Own personal language of someone with its own features:
Linguistic choices
Idiosyncrasies
Jargon
Language used by the people in a particular area of knowledge.
Verbal or written
Abreviations
Colloquialism
Expression not used in formal speech or writing.
Slang
Most informal language
It uses rude expressions.
Accepted in a very small group of people.
Non verbal
No sounds
Symbolic
Mimic
Written
Idiographic
Ideograms
Express whole words or concepts
Syllabic
Syllables
Represented by separate symbols.
Alphabetical
Alphabetical symbols
Represent consonant or vowel sounds
Correspond with sounds
Central University of Ecuador
Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Educational Sciences
Major in Pedagogy of National and Foreign Languages: English
Subject of Contrastive Phonology
Name of the student: Camila Reyes Estrella
Course: Third Semester "A"
Map Number: 1