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CHAPTER 3 : TEXT:bookmark_tabs:, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
CHAPTER 3 : TEXT:bookmark_tabs:
6) Multimedia and Hypertext
Multimedia
:pencil2: Multimedia is defined as the combination of text, graphics, and audio elements into a single presentation.
:pencil2: When the user assumes control over the presentation, it is called
interactive multimedia
:pencil2: Interactive Multimedia becomes
hypermedia
when a structure of linked elements is provided to the user for navigation and interaction.
Hypertext systems
:black_medium_small_square: defined as the organized cross-linking of words, images, and other Web elements.
:black_medium_small_square: A system in which words are keyed or indexed to other words is referred to as a hypertext system.
:black_medium_small_square: A hypertext system enables the user to navigate through text in a non-linear way.
Using Hypertext System
:rugby_football: Information management and hypertext programs present electronic text, images, and other elements in a database fashion.
:rugby_football: Software robots visit web pages and index entire web sites.
:rugby_football: Hypertext database make use or proprietary indexing system.
:rugby_football: Sever-based hypertext and database engines are widely available.
:blue_book: Used for : Interactive kiosks, Electronic catalogs, Educational couresware.
Searching for Words
:zap:
Methods
: Categorical search, Word relationship, Adjacency, Alternates, Association, Negation, Truncation, Intermediate, Intermediate words, Frequency
Hypermedia structures
:crescent_moon: Links ( connections between conceptual elements, the navigation pathways and menus.)
:crescent_moon: Nodes ( accessible topics, documents, messages, and content elements. Nodes and links from the backbone of knowledge access system.)
:crescent_moon: Anchors (defined as the reference from one document to another document,images,sound or file on the Web.)
:crescent_moon: Navigating hypermedia structures (The simplest way to navigate hypermedia structures via buttons. Location markers must be provided to make navigation user-friendly.)
Hypertext Tools
2) Understanding Fonts and Typefaces
:black_circle_for_record:
Typefaces
: a family of graphic characters, often with many types sizes and styles.
:black_circle_for_record:
Font
: a collection of characters of a single size and style belonging to a particular family.
The study of fonts and typefaces includes :
font styles
:tophat: Boldfaces, Italic, Underlining, Outlining
cases
:explode: A capitalized letter is referred to as uppercase, while a small letter is referred to as lowercase.
:explode: Placing an uppercase letter in the middle of a word is referred to as an intercap.
fonts sizes
:lollipop: a measured points :lollipop: character metrics are the general measurements applied to individual characters. :lollipop: Kerning is the spacing between character pairs. :lollipop: Leading is the space between lines.
serif versue sans serif
:diamonds: The little decoration at the end of letter stroke.
:diamonds: Serif fonts are used for body text.
:diamonds: Sans serif fonts to do not have a serif at the end of a letter stroke.
:diamonds: These fonts are used for headlines and bold statements.
3) Using Text Elements in a Multimedia Presentation
HTML Documents
:black_small_square:: HTML : Hypertext Markup Language. :black_small_square: HTML documents are marked using
tags
. :black_small_square: An advanced from HTML is DHTML. :black_small_square: DHTML : Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language. :black_small_square: DHTML uses Cascading Style Sheet (CSS).
Field for reading
:cloud: Reading a hard copy is easier and faster than reading from the computer screen.
:cloud: A document can be printed in one of two orientations ; potrait / landscape.
:cloud: The tailer-than-wide orientation used for printing documents is called
potrait
.
:cloud: The wider-than-tall orientation that is normal to monitors is called
landscapes
.
Menus for Navigations
:arrow_upper_right: A user navigates through content using a menu.
:arrow_upper_right: A simple menu of a text list of topics.
Symbol & Icons
:bookmark: Symbol are concentrated text in the form of stand-alone graphic constructs.
:bookmark: Used to convey meaningful messages.
:bookmark: Symbol used to convey human emotions are called emoticons.
:bookmark: Icons are symbolic representation of objects and processes.
Menus for Navigations
:large_blue_circle: A
button
is a clickable object that executes a command when activated.
:large_blue_circle: Users can create their own buttons from bitmaps and graphics.
:large_blue_circle: The design and labelling of the buttons should be treated as an industrial art project.
Choosing Text Fonts
:star: Consider legibility and readability :star: Avoid too many faces :star: Use color purposefully
:star: Use anti-aliased text. :star: Use drop caps & initial caps for accent. :star: Minimize centered text. :star: Use white space. :star: Use animated text to grab attention.
4) Computers & Text
The font Wars
TrueType
:closed_umbrella: Apple & Microsoft developed the TrueType methodology.
:closed_umbrella: TrueType is a system of scalable outline fonts and can draw chracter at low resolution.
OpenType
:floppy_disk: Adobe & Microsoft developed OpenType, now the international standart.
:floppy_disk: It incorporates the best features of PostScripts and TrueType.
PostScrip
:cyclone: PostScripts is a method of describing an image in terms of mathematical construct. :cyclone: The characters are scalable and can be drawn much faster. :cyclone: The 2 types of PostScripts fonts are Type 3 and Type 1.
Characters Sets
Intro
:notebook: The American Standart Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a 7-bit coding system.
:notebook: The extended character set is commonly filled with ANSI standart characters.
:notebook: The ISO-Latin-1 character set is used while programming the text of HTML pages.
:notebook: Unicode is a 16-bit architecture for multilingual text and character encoding.
:notebook: The shared symbols of each character set are unfied into collections of symbols called
scripts
.
Mapping across Platform
:eject: Fonts and characters are not cross-platform compatible. :eject: They must be mapped to the other machine using font substitution.
5) Font Editing and Design Tools
iii)Fontographer
i) Fontographer is a specialized graphics editor.
ii) It is compatible with both Macintosh and Windows platforms.
iii) It can be used to develop PostScripts, TrueType, and OpenType fonts.
iv) It can also modify existing typefaces and incorporate PostScript artwork.
i)Creating Attractive Text
ii)FontLab, Ltd
1) Importance of Text in Multimedia
factors affecting legibility of text : :pen: size :pen: background & foreground colours :pen: style :pen: leading
Text is a vital element of multimedia menus, navigation systems and content
Words and symbol in any form, spoken, or written, are the most common means or communication
The power of meaning : Multimedia developers must use words carefully and accurate
FARAZILLA BINTI RIDWAN 20BI03031
