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Causes For The Rise Of Indian Nationalism - Coggle Diagram
Causes For The Rise Of Indian Nationalism
The Press
The press is the newspapers & the various books written
Spread modern ideas and criticized the British
Newspapers encouraged people to unite and work for the nation
Books in regional languages reflected the problems of the Indians
Ilbert Bill Controversy
Lord Ripon tried to pass a law in favour of the Indians.
This bill, or proposal for a law, was named after Ilbert, the law member, that is, a part of the viceroy's government in charge of law.
Ilbert had put forward this bill which would bring about equality- It proposed that Indian judges and magistrates should be allowed to try Europeans.
Indians supported this but the British were against it- This made the Indians realize how superior the British felt and how much they disliked the Indians
Slowly the Indians had been forming organizations to discuss their problems and present their demands. These early organizations consisted of groups of wealthy people
Dadabhai Naoroji, a prominent businessman of Bombay, formed the Bombay Association and the East India Association
Surendranath Banerjea started the Indian Association. In 1883 he organized an All India National Conference at Calcutta. People came to attend this from different parts of India
Liberty & Equality
Gave new ideas
They learnt about the French Revolution and the Italian & Irish Nationalists
Read the works of Western Philosophers
Idea of a country of free and equal people attracted them
Small group of Western educated people spread these ideas to others
Western Education Was Beneficial:
The Reformers
Many educated Indians also wanted to make India free of problems such as caste, sati & superstition
They wanted to give Indians pride in their country
Some of the reformers were Keshub Chandra Sen, Swami Vivekanada & Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Became viceroy in 1876
The Policies Of Lord Lytton
Vernacular Press Act- Prevented the Indian language newspaper from writing anything against the government
Arms Act- Indians were prevented from keeping arms or weapons
These two acts led to a lot of resentment as they only applied to the Indians; there were different laws for the Indians and the British
All import duties on British textiles entering India were reduced- helped their sales
Maximum age for sitting for the Indian Civil Services exam was reduced from 21 to 19. Very few Indians could sit for it as they had to do the exam in England and in English
Surendranath Banerjea, a founder of the national movement, wrote about Lord Lytton: 'Bad rulers are often a blessing in disguise. They help to stir a community to life.'- What he meant was that their unpopular actions helped the Indians to unite against them.
Precursors Of The Indian National Congress
Formed by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant in 1885
He told the viceroy, Lord Dufferin, that if the Indians did not have a means of expressing their problems, another revolt would take place. He said he had been told this by a mysterious mahatma (saint) and his sanyasis
Hume invited leading Indians to join his organization.The Indians were happy to do so, as they believed they could use the Congress to put forward their demands and bring about beneficial changes in India
Lord Lytton and Ilbert Bill had helped to stir the Indians to action