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Abdominal OSCE - Coggle Diagram
Abdominal OSCE
Ascites
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Pathophysiology
Elevated hydrostatic pressure - cirrhosis, CHF, constrictive pericarditis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, portal vein occlusion
Decreased Osmotic Pressure - nephrotic syndrome, malnutrition, protein-losing enteropathy
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Light's Criteria
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Transudative Causes - CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
Exudative Causes - malignancy, peritonitis, pancreatitis
Splenomegaly
Differentials
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Portal HTN
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Thrombus (portal, splenic)
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Functions of the Spleen
Synthesis of IgG, properdin and tuftsin
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Hepatomegaly
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Investigations
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CBC - anemia, thrombocytopenia
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Hepatitis - anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV
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Abdominal USS - loss of homogeneity, portal HTN
Ballotable Kidneys
Differentials
Unilateral
Renal cell carcinoma
Local spread - varicocele, Budd-Chiari (edema, ascites)
Metastases - pulmonary, bone
Smoking, obesity, polycystic, nephrolithiasis, HTN
Bilateral
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Amyloidosis
Systemic - production of light chains of Ig - nephrotic syndrome, cardiomyopathy, macroglossia, splenomegaly
Reactive - inflammation causes increased production and deposition of amyloid associated protein in various organs
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Causes of reactive - IBD, RA, SLE, TB, RCC
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