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NAZI REGIME - Coggle Diagram

- - - - quickly took over the control of the renamed National Socialist German Workers Party Called himself the FUHRER followed Muss example since the Ruhr struggle against French occupation and the hyperinflation had made the national government look ineffectual
        
        November 1923, Hitler decided to launch a putsch in order to topple the government in Berlin(Munich beer hall putsch). He tried to compel leaders of the conservative Bavarian government who were there to join him in proclaiming a national revolution. But when the regional reactionaries rejected his demands, the coup failed. Hitler was imprisoned for 13 months.
        
        Mein Kampf (My Struggle).
        
        The search for the living space (Lebensbraum), gaining territories in the East through a war against the communists.
        -To overthrow the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
        
        The creation of a great and pure German State. This perspective entailed:
        +The inclusion of all German-speaking people within the Third Reich, through the annexation of Austria (Anschluss) and part of Czechoslovakia; +The creation of a pure “master race”, the Aryans. The non-Aryan "inferior people" were labelled as Untermenschen (sub-humans), referred especially to "the masses from the East“ (Jews, Roma, and Slavs) but also to Africans.
        
        Initially the Nazi Party obtained poor electoral results,
        Great Depression multiplied its support bc people blamed democracy. Mainly appealed to rural areas, small towns, countryside. Nazi ideology anti-urban. Modernity guilty.
        1932- Largest party in the Reichstag, but Hitler lost to Hindenburg in Presidential Elections.
        
        Nazi extremist ideology appeared as the only way out of a threatening catastrophe. Nazi appeals were a collection of resentments against what seemed to be going wrong in Germany, augmented by a pseudophilosophical rejection of negative aspects of modernity
        
        National rebirth, anticommunism, anti-jews.
        
        In January 1933, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as leader of a coalition govenment.
- - - - The Reichstag fire (February 27, 1933) presented Hitler with an unplanned chance to expand his power. Hitler issued an emergency decree “For the Protection of People and the State”,which simply abolished all civil rights enshrined in the Weimar Constitution. Thousands of Communists were arrested all over Germany, as well as many Social Democrats and trade-union leaders were locked up and the leftist press forbidden.
      - -The Enabling Act of March 23 formalized the Nazi dictatorship, allowing Hitler to pass laws without any restriction.-During the spring and summer of 1933 in a process called Gleichschaltung, or coordination, the national government seized control of the various states by appointing Reich governors.
      - During the spring and summer of 1933 in a process called Gleichschaltung, or coordination, the national government seized control of the various states by appointing Reich governors..
      - All political parties, except the Nazi, and trade unions were dissolved. One-party State.
      - Freedom of press abolished
      - The universities purged themselves of democrats, Marxists, and Jewish professors, while professional associations expelled Jews and forced liberals to resign. Book burning.
      - The first concentration camps were created.
      - Night of the Long Knives. The SA were keen to continue the ‘revolution’ and replace the traditional conservative elite with Nazis. Hitler and the rest of the Nazi leadership disagreed with their approach. They understood the need to keep the support of traditional elite. The tension between the SA and the Nazi leadership grew. On June 30, 1934, most of the SA leadership were placed under arrest and murdered. The Nazis also used the event to eliminate other political opponents.
      - After the death of Hindenburg (August 1934), Hitler appointed himself as the Führer of the German nation
      - SS dominant over the army. In 1935 the Nazi Flag became the official Ger flag
- - - - -Reich Citizenship Law (1935): “A Jew cannot occupy public office”.
        -The Law for the Protection of German Blood
        (1935): “Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden. [...] Sexual relations between Jews and nationals of German blood are forbidden”.
        
        The Night of Broken Glass (9-10 November 1938): 7.500 Jewish shops were destroyed, 400 synagogues were burned and approximately 100 Jews were murdered.