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Darius I 522-486 - Coggle Diagram
Darius I 522-486
Battle of Marathon 490
in 491, pesians ask for earth and water
athen throw heralds in pit, sparta down well
persians sail across aegean, burnt naxos and took hostages
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get to marathon, and the athenians are allied with the plateans
the greeks win despite being outnumbered, and this success remains in athenian consciousness for years to come
Accession
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5 days later, the 6 men agreed to ride horses out of the city before dawn, and the rider of the first horse to neigh after sunrise would become king. this was darius
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Bisitun Inscription
created in 520, this monument explained how darius came to power
many travelers passed it, but it is 100 metres up so cant be defaced
it is split into 4 parts - 1 of them is a 5.5x3 metre sculpted relief showing darius looking down on those who challenged him - including the fake smerdis. Ahuramazda is above it all
the other 3 parts talks about how he came to power, but leaves out the conspiring and horse story so he seems more honourable
Early Years
many rebellions
in 521, he fought 19 battles and took 9 kings prisoner
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connections to cyrus
claimed that he shared an ancestor with cyrus, so that they both descended from the founder of the royal family, Achaemenes
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Ahuramazda
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in bisitun inscription, A's name mentioned 63 times and other gods in polytheistic persian religion mentioned collectively once
Organisation
empire split into 20 satrapies each with their own satrap, usually a relative of D
Building Projects
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Persepolis
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apadana 60m in length reached by two zigzag stairways with depictions of 23 nations bringing tribute to the king. represents order and harmony.
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royal road
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allowed rapid communication withstations, inns and riders to take messages on a relay system
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