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Regional Variation, Found evidence of RP accent change and influence of…
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Found evidence of RP accent change and influence of less prestigious Southern accents within Christmas broadcasts made by Queen Elizabeth II (2000)
Matched guise experiments- found that RP speakers are more highly rated in terms of general competence, intelligence, self-confidence,ambition, determination, industriousness than regional accents.
Rp scored lower for qualities such as friendliness, warmth, talkativeness, good-naturedness and sense of humour
Capital punishment experiment investigating attitudes to RP, Somerset, South Wales and Birmingham accents. The results showed a trend in that the greater accents prestige, the greater the perceived quality of the argument which led to RP being the most liked accent (1973)
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1.) Incorrectness view- all regional accents are
incorrect compared to RP
2.) Ugliness view- some accents don't sound nice
3.) Impreciseness view- some accents are 'lazy' and 'sloppy'
Argued that attitudes towards accents are based more on social connotations and prejudices surrounding the location rather than the sound itself, demonstrated by experiments using outsiders (1990)
28% of Britons feel they have been discriminated against because of their accent, 80% of employers admit to making decisions based on regional accents. Liverpool, Cockney and Brummie accents are often viewed negatively but RP is prestigious (2013)
Identified that super urban accents are spreading out of their traditional bases into new territories causing local accents to disappear (2010)
Martha's vineyard study- found that different social groups pronounce diphthongs differently in order to protect their accent and reinforce their identity as Vineyarders. They distanced themselves from the tourists albeit subconsciously (1961)
Mapping variation in the UK- students conducted fieldwork and mapped the variation of certain lexical items and phrases (2013)
Conducted a survey of over 30,000 people in the UK in order to create a world-map of Britain (2007)
Dialect levelling- the process by which language forms of different parts of the country converge and become more similar over time, with the loss of regional features and reduces diversity (2001)
Suggested that the reduction of rural employment and the subsequent construction of suburbs and new towns, increased interaction with the people of other speech varieties increased social mobility and the 'consequent breakdown of tight-knit working-class communities'
Argued that increased geographical mobility leads to 'large-scale disruption of close-knit, localised networks that have historically maintained highly systematic and complex sets of socially structured linguistic norms (2002)
Her paper 'Variation in the use of ain't in an urban British English dialect' described syntactic and semantic functions that 'ain't' fulfilled in the speech of adolescent peer groups in Reading. The functions conveyed how these may be linked to the vernacular subculture to which the groups belong to (1981)
Proposed that Cockney rhyming slang is 'dying out' and that many Londoners no longer understand expressions such as ' Mother hubbard' for cupboard (2012)
Found in a national survey on dialect that the use of 'them' and a demonstrative was reported by 97.7% of the schools who took part which was the highest percentage of any dialect variation (1977)
Argued that Cockney rhyming slang is not dying out but has been reincarnated and that the modern cultural obsession with celebrities has added some additional terms eg Wallace and Gromit is Vomit (2012)
'One of the most fundamental ways we have of establishing our identity, and of shaping other people's views of who we are, is through our use of language' (2004)
Match-guise technique to study the correlation between accent and perception of guilt. Listeners were more likely to judge an individual with a Birmingham accent as guilty than someone with a standard accent (2002)
New York department stores-studied post vocalic /r/ and argued they were pseudo markers of social class, mostly used by expensive sales stores, middle stores were in between
Newham study- attitudes of London students who use cockney accent, rated cockney lower than RP in terms of friendliness, honesty and intelligence (1979)
Suggested that th-fronting has spread from its original origins in London to as far away as Glasgow and Newcastle due to geographic mobility, dialect levelling (2003)