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CHAPTER 8- POLICY EVALUATION, The following ask question, How to evaluate…
CHAPTER 8- POLICY EVALUATION
Meaning of policy evaluation
It involves the estimation, appraisal, or assessment of a policy, its content, implementation, goal attainment, and other effects. (Anderson, 2011, p.271)
Why evaluate policy?
1) To access policy achievement
It is to identify whether a policy is successful or failed, to what extend a policy is successful or failed, and what factors has contributed towards policy success or failure.
2) To access policy consequences
To determine whether a policy has other effects and who get benefits.
3) To suggest policy change
It is to suggest policy recommendation where it is use to find out whether the policy is necessary, valid, and efficient.
4) To suggest policy termination
It is a suggestion to stop policy implementation.
The following ask question
What has happend to the public after a policy has been implemented (direct/intended result) whether or not the targeted (and untargeted) public problem is resolve,
who gets benefit directly / indirectly from implementing the policy
who bear costs/ expenses (direct and indirect) incurred to comply with policy requirement
How to evaluate policy
Administrative Operational Technique
Systematic Technique
Cost benefit analysis technique
Institutional technique
Evaluating Policy Output, Outcome & Impact
Policy Output
Policy Outcome
Policy Impact
To appraise the result, the government intended/unintended to see/get from a particular policy implementation.
Example
To access
Evaluating the interraled process, procedures,rules, resources involved in Policy implementation .
Evaluated through scientific research , by the relevant group, that involved directly and indirectly in the implementation process
A formal and quantitative evaluation technique. It is to identify and weighs cost against benefits of policy and program.
CBA Process
Step 1= analyse cost
Step 2= analyse benefits
Step 3= assign monetary values
Step 4= allocate discount rate
Step 5= compare overall costs and benefits
Step 6 =decide option that maximize the benefits.
Done by various governmental and non- governmental agencies base on their given roles and function.
Purpose is to evaluate the the behavior of the policy implementors , hence to achieve policy efficiency and effectiveness.
a) what department/organzation are involve in a particular policy implemention
(b) their roles and functions related to a particular policy implementation
Fiscal policy: Tax on cigarates
Intended outcome:
Number of smokers / number of cigarates smoked reduced
Unintended outcome:
Amount of household expenses decrease/increases.
to evaluate the intended and unintended, direct and indirect, positive and negative effects from policy implementation towards society/ state.
assuming implementors (agencies) have implemented a policy – its objectives is achieved (output), its intended result on the target group is achieved (outcome), then, what hapend to the society at large / to the nation / state (impact)