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CHAPTER 8: POLICY EVALUATION, Group Member:, MOHD AZRI BIN SHUKOR…
CHAPTER 8: POLICY EVALUATION
Technique of Policy Evaluation
Purpose of Policy Evaluation
Meaning of policy evaluation
Involves estimation, appraisal, or assessment of a policy, implementation, goal attainment, and other effects (Anderson, 2011, p.271)
Example: The evaluation of Malaysian housing policies and programs with the purpose to review housing policy in Malaysia for low income group as it requires government and institutional support
To access policy consequences
Having other effect/not intended and unintended
Benefit/costly direct or indirect
To suggest policy change
To suggest policy recommendation
Whether policy is necessary, valid and efficient
To improve the planning and implementation if the policy process
To access policy achievement
To check the policy effect in general or of the respective ministries/departments
What extend a policy is successful/failed
Factor contribute to successful /failed
Policy is Successful or failed
To suggest policy termination
To suggest to stop implementation
To find out whether the policy is still relevant
Aspects of policy to evaluate
Problem/Constraint
Methodological problem
Political problem
Cost
Distribution of impact
How much is enough
What outcomes are seen as relevant.
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Groups intended to benefit most.
May not have equal impact to people.
Substantial amount of cost incurred to evaluate policy.
Can be diversion from delivery of the policy.
Some people threatened by evaluation.
Threat to: policy continuation, personal reputations, administrators.
Data problems
Side effects
Policy evaluation may be impacted by other policy.
Difficult to identify any one policy side effects.
Defining criteria for sucess
Criteria for policy sucess not clearly defined
How to judge or measures.
Objectives
Policy objectives are not stated objectively.
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Accurate and reliable data is required.
Needed data to access impact may be unavailable/ in unsuitable form.
Target population is difficult to evaluate.
Evaluator may not know which program produces effect.
Evaluating policy impact
Evaluating policy outcome
Evaluating policy output
Agencies establish to implement new policy
Example: To assess on what Ministry of Education (MOE) has done pertaining Education Act, 1996.
Result from policy implementation by the agency
Example: An example of tax on cigarettes will have an intended outcome such as reducing number of smokers and unintended outcome like decreasing the number of household expenses.
Evaluating policy implementation process
Evaluating policy successful/failure factors
Assessing impact on the original problems addressed and also identify factors of success.
Example: National Economic Policy (NEP), has the problem of poverty been eradicated yet and is it a success for the restructuring of society?
Particularly evaluate on where policy is delivered to target group, or the way a program is implemented.
Example: The purpose is to identify whether could the program be carried out more effectively such as the Vision 2020.
Effect from output and outcome towards society/state
Example: The evaluation from output stage of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) shows positive impact which are boosting public satisfaction and developed economy
Administrative Technique
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A formal, quantitative evaluation technique which identify and weigh costs against benefits of policy or program
Systematic Analysis
Institutional Technique
Evaluation is done by the various governmental and non-governmental agencies based on their given roles.The
purpose is to evaluate the behavior of the policy implementors, hence to achieved policy efficiency and effectiveness
Policy is evaluated through scientific research, by the relevant group or agencies that involve directly and indirectly in the implementation process
Evaluating the interrelated process, procedures, rules, resources involved in policy implementation. Purpose is to ensure effieciency, tranparency and accountability in implementation
Group Member:
MOHD AZRI BIN SHUKOR (2020979221)
2 AFIQ FAKHRUL BIN ISMAIL (2020960605)
DIA OLIVER ANAK LINGGIE (2020971453)
SHREEN ANN ANAK POLLING (2020993019)