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Dec - Climatology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - deep cyclonic circulation
    - - cold north Atlantic waters
    - - wave of air currents
  - - - Tibetan plateau
    - - subcontinent
      - around mid-august
      - supressing rainfall
  - - - the equator
  - - - naturally occur in rotating fluids
  - - - atmosphere to balance
- - - - around Antarctica
  - - - Swiss Polar Institute (SPI)
      - Antarctic Circumpolar Expedition (ACE)
- - - - and earth climate
  - - - transported to high altitudes
      - by mountain winds
  - - - natural sources
        
        gases released by plants
      - pollutants emitted by
        
        human activities
  - - - radiation escaping from earth
    - - planet´s climate
    - - known as radiative forcing
    - - positive forcing
    - - negative forcing
- - - - Indian Summer-Monsoon season
  - - - equatorial pacific waters
      - pull
        
        moisture-laden clouds away
      - from the subcontinent
    - - are consequence of sudden
      - in Non-El Nino years droughts
      - and steep drop in rainfall
        
        in late August
- - - - various district of India
  - - - severe disruptions
      - across sectors
      - every 2ºC
        
        rise in annual mean temp
        
        will reduce agri productivity
        
        by 15-20%
    - - change in land-use patterns
      - disappearing wetlands
      - and natural ecosystems
        
        by encroachment
      - and urban heat islands
        
        traps heat locally

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Dec - Climatology

Himalayas

Antarctic Circumpolar Current

largest ocean current current

on the planet

flows clockwise

as seen from south pole

from west to east

around Antarctica

alternative name

West Wind Drift

Antarctic research mission

organised by

Swiss Polar Institute (SPI)

Antarctic Circumpolar Expedition (ACE)

India’s polar expeditions

two research bases in Antarctica

research station at Arctic

Bharti and Maitri

Himadri

Microclimatic Zones

areas where

weather is different

from surrounding areas

shifting across

various district of India

Study found

MZ may lead

severe disruptions

across sectors

every 2ºC

rise in annual mean temp

will reduce agri productivity

by 15-20%

reasons identified behind

change in land-use patterns

disappearing wetlands

and natural ecosystems

by encroachment

and urban heat islands

traps heat locally

Rossby wave

winds in upper atmosphere

curved down

interacting with

above

deep cyclonic circulation

cold north Atlantic waters

result

wave of air currents

from North Atlantic

squeezed in by

Tibetan plateau

and hit the

subcontinent

around mid-august

supressing rainfall

wave´s go from

west to east

but not towards

the equator

known as

planetary waves

naturally occur in rotating fluids

form primarily

as a result of rotation of planet

help transfer heat

from tropics towards the poles

attempt to

atmosphere to balance

Droughts in India

associated with El Nino

6 out of 10 droughts

in non-El Nino years

occurred during

Indian Summer-Monsoon season

In El Nino year

abnormally warm

equatorial pacific waters

pull

moisture-laden clouds away

but

from the subcontinent

are consequence of sudden

in Non-El Nino years droughts

and steep drop in rainfall

in late August

different from ocean surface waves

Himalayas

generate large

quantities of natural aerosols

play imp role in cloud formation

and earth climate

act as giant barrier

to wind flow

accumulation of aerosols

transported to high altitudes

by mountain winds

Aerosols

airborne particles

formed from both

natural sources

pollutants emitted by

gases released by plants

human activities

radiation balance

exposed to radiation from sun

balanced by

radiation escaping from earth

imp to maintain

planet´s climate

if balance get affected

known as radiative forcing

income radiation increases

positive forcing

heat emitted into space increase

negative forcing