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Political Liberalism - Coggle Diagram
Political Liberalism
Progressive Liberalism
Unbounded Progressivism
Dworkin, Fukuyama, Pinker
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Pinker: however much people differ, there can be, in principle, a meeting of the minds
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Tolerance is less important:
- agreement on first principles may make it unnecessary
Bounded Progressivism
Rawls
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Occasionally makes arguments that contradict his fundamental claims about peacefulness of liberal societies (leaving him sounding like a MVL)
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Everyone has a right to equal opportunity
- Governments have both a responsibility and the ability to pursue policies that ensure that outcome
Emphasis on positive rights, requires a serious effort by the state to help its citizens:
- right to equal opportunity
- right to health care
- right to a decent education
- right to live free of poverty
Negative rights can conflict with positive rights
- equal opportunity often conflicts with the right to private property
Interventionist state, but remain wary of big government
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Modus Vivendi Liberalism
Deeply pessimistic about our ability to reach agreement on core principles. As individuals often make decisions without the help of reason, it seems to not point us to any objective truth about what political order is best
Pessimism about our critical faculties goes beyond this:
- governments do not make meaningful progress; they hinder
- no place for an expansive welfare state
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Essential function of rights:
- give individuals maximum personal freedom to pursue their own interests
Emphasis almost exclusively on negative rights, largely involving freedom from government interference in individual action:
- freedom to assemble
- freedom of the press
- freedom of speech
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- all individuals are equal, but equality does not require government intervention
do not like the idea of the state interfering in society to promote any kind of individual rights (gov. paramount goal is to protect rights that might be threatened)
- right to own and exchange property (closely tied to capitalism)
Dealing with the possibility of deadly conflict:
- Right to life: the right to choose whatever lifestyle they want, as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others
- Norm of toleration: accept that others will sometimes disagree about core principles (live-and-let-live approach to life) However, tolerance has its limits, some people cannot abide disagreement
- A strong state that sits above society and maintains order
Three principles roles of the state to maintain order:
- Acts as a night watchman (protects individual rights and prevents portal combat between people or factions with conflicting views
- Writes rules that define acceptable/unacceptable conduct
- Acts as an arbiter (ensure that conflicts do not lead to violence)
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