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Wilczek_Mao - Coggle Diagram
Wilczek_Mao
Consolidation and Maintenance of Power
Methods
i. Creation of the Maoist Ideology. Put a name to Mao's idea and allowed it to spread.
ii. Socialist Education Movement: Aimed at educating the public of the three "isms" that were collectivism, patriotism, and socialism.
iii. The Little Red Book
Nature, extent, and treatment of opposition
i. Mao faced opposition within his party and membership decreased significantly because of the Long March.
ii. During the later years of his regime, Mao launched the Hundred Flowers Campaign, which is suspected to have been a plan to identify and eliminate Mao's opponents.
iii. Overall, it was difficult to be openly opposed to Mao, especially during the later years of his power.
The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power
i. Mao had a clear intention of making the PRC a powerful and independent nation. The USSR was a natural ally of the PRC despite ideological differences and mutual discontent between leaders, the PRC and USSR cooperated relatively well and the USSR even loaned the PRC $300 million.
ii. China is in support of pro-communist North Korea in the Korean War, opposing the USA that was in support of South Korea.
iii. The Korean War was seen as an attempt to eliminate communism by the west. Mao's anti-western rhetoric overall allowed him to make a strong ally that was the USSR and later become a powerful nation in terms of foreign policy.
Aims and Results of Policies
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
i. The Cultural Revolution: 'Four Clean-Ups,' Socialist Education Movement, 'Little Red Book.' Mao's wife Jiang Qing helped launch the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
The impact of policies on women and minorities
i. Marriage Reform Law of 1950. Ban on selling women into prostitution and disposal of unwanted female babies. Ban on traditional and harmful practices such as foot binding.
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
i. Authoritarian control was achieved to the fullest extent as Mao had come to the point of basically being able to control the nation with fear. An example would be the Hundred Flowers Campaign which was suspected of being a plan to identify opponents.
Emergence of Mao's Authoritarian State
Conditions
i. Meiji Restoration: Restoration and consolidation of the Japanese imperial government in 1868 under emperor Meiji.
ii. Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeated China rather quickly. Japan got a strong hold of the region west of the island, mainly of Korea in 1910. Japan's power became a major struggle for China.
iii. Qing Dynasty: China was under the Qing Dynasty from 1644, but since the rule of Dowager Empress Cixi, little progression was made. The Qing Dynasty falls in 1911, being overthrown by the Double Ten Revolution
iv. Guomindang (Nationalist) Party forms in 1912
v. Anti-Western attitude/ "Open Door Policy" in the USA, affecting trade in China
vi. "Warlord Era" 1916-1927, poor central government, highly disorganized nation
Methods
i. "May 4th Movement" paved the way for the establishment of the CPC
ii. "Marriage" between CPC and GMD to defeat warlords, despite ideological differences. Shows that the CPC was willing to compromise for the people.
iii. Mao given the task to organize peasant forces in the countryside against the warlords.
iv. Creation of the "Maoist Ideology," different from Marxist-Leninism in that it focuses more on helping the rural peasant communities in China rather than the the urban-based 'bourgeoisie-proletariat'