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the history of skyscraper - Coggle Diagram
the history of skyscraper
in the late 19th centure
New York was just the front door. The first skyscraper developed in Chicago
in the year 1871
a great stimulus to design reliable buildings
fire engulfed much of the downtown area in Chicago
by the late 1800's
limited number of stories (10) as a result of building materials used - wood, brick or stone.
the walls needed to be terrible thick at the bottom
in the late 19th centure
the Industrial Revalution resulted in the development of new techniques, use of iron
much bigger buildings, railway stations
in 1889
opened the Eiffel Tower, 1010 feet high
Problem:not suitable for the human habitation, for offices and collapse very rapidly
the Chicago architect William Jenney was the father of the metal-frame building
Jenney's "Home Insurance Building" in Chicago (only ten stories) high, did not use a metal frame.
Lewis Sullivan and David Burnham
Burnham's "Flat-iron Building" in New York, erected in 1902, reached new heights for an office building, with 20 stories; and at 290 feet (about 90 metres), it is known as New York's first skyscraper.
since the Second World War, skyscrapers have mushroomed in all the world's big cities; and they keep getting higher and higher
Buildings before the First World War
New York's "Woolworth Building" had reached 792 feet (241 metres)
the Empire State Building —for many years the world's tallest — had actually passed the Eiffel Tower
In the 1970s, the enormous twin towers of the World Trade Center, 107 stories high, which became the target of terrorism (in the terrible events of 9/11 - the 11th of September 2001)
reason for building skyscrapers: to solve area limitation problem, as a downtown district could not expand very easily on a horizontal plane