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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS 1 - Coggle Diagram
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS 1
At the end of 15th century
Catholic Monarchs' Isabella I of Castilla and Ferdinand II of Aragón established an authoritarian monarchy
The dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón
In 1469, Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla, married Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of Aragón
When the King of Castilla died in 1474, a civil war broke out
Between Joanna la Betraneja, who had the support of Portugal, and Isabella, who had the support of Aragón
The conflict ended with the victory of Isabella, in 1479
Ferdinand became the King of Aragon in 1479, with the death of his father
Start the dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón
Is not a unitary state, each kingdom retained its own institutions, language, currency and internal boundaries
As a single state was not created, it is referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy
Domestic reforms
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of domestic reforms to centralise power.
Four objectives:
To weaken the power of the nobility
Formed an army eith professional soldiers (mercenaries)
Permission was obtain from the Pope to place Military Orders under the monarchs' control
Territories
More important: Council of Castilla
Aragón and Navarra were also important
Trained officials began to replace the nobles in these institutions
Specific matters
Castilian military orders were managed by the Council of Military Orders
The Council of the Supreme Inquisition dealt with matters concerning morals and faith
The royal treasury was given greater powers to control and administrate tax collection
Councils of experts were appointed to advise the monarchs about
The judicial system of Castilla was restructured through the audiencias of Valladolid and Granada, whose judges appointed the kings.
A militia, the Santa Hermandad, was created to fight crime and keep the peace in rural Castilla.
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy
The power of the General Courts was reduced
Viceroy
A position
Represented the monarchs in each of their kingdoms in their absence
Inquisition
Established in the kingdom of Castilla in 1478
Was reformed in Aragón to persecute false conversions
Was a religious court, although it was controlled by the Crown
To restric the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
Castilla
The monarch appointed the mayors
Monarch ran the city councils
Aragón
The sortition system was mantained
To improve international relations
Te diplomatic corps, which represented the monarchs in other kingdoms, was expanded
Castilla became an authoritarian monarchy
Aragón maintained the pact tradition, meaning that the king made decisions with the approval of the regional institutions
Religious policy
One of the Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains.
Their aim was to prevent revolts and internal divisions
The Jews and Muslims were expelled
The Jews
Were persecuted by Christians
In the 15th century, the anti-Semitism increased
Christians belived that the Jews offended God
Some of them were bankers and many Christians owed them money
In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity
Sephardic Jews
Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes
Conversos
Those who agreed to convert to Christians
Were investigated and persecuted by the Inquisition to prevent them from practising their old religion in secret
Mudéjar
Muslims who lived in Christian territories
After the conquest of Granada, Cardinal Cisneros forced them to be baptised
Many of them revolted in the Alpujarras
Were expelled from Castilla in 1502 and from Aragón in 1526
Moriscos
Coverted into Christians
Were persecuted by the Inquisition
The majority of the Mudéjar
Were farmers
Their departure had a negative impact on agriculture
