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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
At the end of the 15th century, the Catholic Monarchs’ Isabella I of Castilla and Ferdinand II of Aragón established an authoritarian monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula. The same had also happened in France and England.
THE DYNASTIC UNION OF CASTILLA AND ARAGÓN
In 1469
Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV of Castilla, married Ferdinand, the Crown Prince of Aragón
in 1474
Civil war broke between
Followers of Isabella
Aragón
Followers of Joanna la Beltraneja
Portugal
The conflict ended in 1479 with the victory of Isabella.
In 1479
Ferdinand became the King of Aragón after the death of his father
This resulted in the dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón.
DOMESTIC REFORMS
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of domestic reforms to centralise power
To weaken the power of the nobility
A permanent army was formed with professional soldiers (mercenaries), which could overpower the militias of the nobility
Permission was obtained from the Pope to place Military Orders under the monarchs' control (including the lands and properties they obtained)
Territories. The most important one was the Council of Castilla (or Royal Council). Those of Aragón and Navarra (after it was conquered) were also important. Trained officials began to replace the nobles in these institutions
Specific matters. The Castilian military orders were managed by the Council of Military Orders. The Council of the Supreme Inquisition dealt with matters concerning morals and faith.
The royal treasury was given greater powers to control and administrate tax collection
Councils of experts were appointed to advise the monarchs about
The judicial system of Castilla was restructured through the audiencias (appellate courts) of Valladolid and Granada, whose judges appointed the kings
A militia, the Santa Hermandad (Holy Brotherhood), was created to fight crime and keep the peace in rural Castilla.
To reduce the autonomy of the kingdoms of the Hispanic Monarchy
The Inquisition was established in the kingdom of Castilla in 1478 and was reformed in Aragón to persecute false conversions. It was a religious court, although it was controlled by the Crown
The position of viceroy was created. This figure represented the monarchs in each of their kingdoms in their absence
The power of the General Courts was reduced
To restrict the autonomy of the urban oligarchies
In Castilla, the monarchs appointed the mayors, who ran the city councils
In Aragón, the sortition system, where local governors were selected by lottery, was maintained
To improve international relations:
The diplomatic corps, which represented the monarchs in other kingdoms, was expanded
Castilla became an authoritarian monarchy. However, the Crown of Aragón maintained the pact tradition, meaning that the king made decisions with the approval of the regional institutions
