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Stoichiometric Relationships 1.1 - Coggle Diagram
Stoichiometric Relationships 1.1
States of matter
solid
particles are closely packed
strong forces between particles
fixed shape
fixed volume
liquid
particles are more spread out than solid
particles can move past each other so weaker forces between them
takes shape of container
fixed volume
gas
particles are very spread out
no fixed shape
spreads out to fill container so no fixed volume
negligible forces between particles
density
d = m/V
solids have higher density than liquids
liquids have higher density than gases
Elements and compounds
Elements = native form
Compound = more than 1 element (fixed proportions) + held together through chemical bonds
Mixtures
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Heterogenous
Same composition
Will separate into different layers on standing
Immiscible
E.g. Oil and water- visibly separated
Homogenous
Non uniform composition
Not chemically combined but do not separate physically
E.g. Air which is composed of oxygen, nitrogen and argon. The seperate components have the same properties as the pure elements. They can be separated by fractional distillation
E.g. solutions- solutes disolved in solvents
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical Reactions
Different from a physical change, reactant particles interact and rearrange
A
chemical equation
shows this interaction of reactants into products
The reactants, their S.C,s, and state symbols are listed on the left
The products, their S.C,s, and state symbols are listed on the right
Balancing Equations
According to the law of conservation of mass, the amount of reactant atoms need to be constant in thr products
Hence,
stoichiometric coefficients
are used to balance the molar ratios of the reactants to the products
State symbols
Solid
Symbol: (s)
Na (s), Mg (s), C (s)
Liquid
Symbol: (l)
H2O (l), Br2 (l)
Gas
Symbol: (g)
O2 (g), CO2 (g)
Aqueous
Symbol: (aq)
NaCl (aq), H2SO4 (aq)