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Pesticides - Coggle Diagram
Pesticides
Organochlorine
First used in the 1940s, used to control pests that transfer pathogens to humans. The use of DDT saved many lives.
Disadvantage
Bioaccumulates
High amounts of deaths of non-target species.
It can stay in the environment for a long time.
Advantage
Highly toxic to insects
Low solubitility
Low toxicity to vertebrates including mammals.
High persistence.
Organochlorines are now heavily restricted or banned.
Organophosphates
Disadvantage
Causes brain damage to humans (Alzehimers)
High mammal toxicity
Advantage
Low persistance
Low liposolubility so does not bioaccumulate or biomagnify
This is a Neurotoxin and was first developed as a weapon in WW2.
Pyrethoids
Developed by insecticides extracted from plants.
Disadvantage
Harmful to fish if water ways are infected
Advantage
Low liposolubility and does not bioaccumulate
High insect toxicity and low mammal toxicity.
Neonicotinoids
Disadvantage
Non-specific especially to bees
Increased effect on non-target species when mixed with some fungicides.
Some research suggests that if they build up in aquifers it may cause problems in the future.
Advantage
Soluble in water
High insect toxicity but low vertebrate toxicity.
Broken down most rapidly in sunlight and soil microbes.
Most widely used and are chemically similar to nicotine. They are neurotoxins