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Parliament and religion 1603-1714, Two important questions were answered -…
Parliament and religion 1603-1714
James VI of Scotland (cousin of Elizabeth I), became James I of England
The first monarch to rule both on both sides of the river
He was a member of the Stewart dynasty
Believed in the Divine Right of kings, but this was challenged during the 17th century
The influence of Parliament grew and the authority of the monarch was questioned
He was unable to inspire the love and respect Elizabeth I had gotten
During his reign, the translation of the Bible was written
Charles I, James' successor, had a credibility problem
His wife was French and Catholic, he was consistently out of pocket
He wanted taxation, but the Parliament was unwilling to give him what he wanted
He dissolved Parliament, and raised the funding he needed
Parliament demanded reforms limiting the power if the monarch
1642 - civil war
On one side was the Royalists, and on the other side was the Parliamentarians
The Royalists were defeated, and Charles I was arrested and executed in 1649
1649-1653: England was a republic called the "Commonwealth" ruled by Parliament. This way it was not possible to create a stable goverment
General Oliver Cromwell established the Protectorate in 1653 and remained "Lord Protector" until he died in 1658
in 1660 Parliament offered the crown to Charles II, who remained king from 1660-1685. This is known as the event called the "Restoration"
The period between 1660 and 1714 witnessed complicated political manoeuvrings between the monarchy and Parliament
The House of Stuart (Stewart) wanted their Catholic heirs, but met opposition from both English and Scottish Protestants
Brother of Charles II, James II, was chased from the country in what is called the Glorious Revolution
Parliament handpicked the Protestant replacement, but when they died childless, the throne again reverted to a Stuart, Queen Anne (1702-1714)
Parliament passed the Act of Settlement in 1701 that laid down that future monarchs had to be Protestants
The new king became George of the safely Protestant House of Hanover, George I of England
Two important questions were answered
How far was the Protestant reform to go within the church?
About as far as each individual group wished, so long as it was not at the expense of other groups
How much power was the monarchy to have independent of Parliament?
Very little