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:crown:The Reign of the Catholic Monarchs (Parts V and VI):crown: - Coggle…
:crown:The Reign of the Catholic Monarchs (Parts V and VI):crown:
Economy and society
After the serious
economic
and
demographic crisis
of the
14th century
,
cereal farming
, which the
economy was based on
, went into
decline
. This
became a source of conflict
for those searching for alternatives.
Crown of Castilla
The exportation of
wool
was
very important
. Transhumance livestock farming developed, meaning the shepherds
migrated
with their
sheep
between seasons in search of
new pastures
In
1494, Burgos Consulate
was founded to
control
the
exportation of wool
from the
Cantabrian ports (Bilbao and Santander)
to the
textile industries of Flanders and England
, among others
The
Spanish textile industry
developed just
enough
to
cover domestic demand
Agriculture
suffered
due to the
increase in livestock farming
. The amount of
pasture land increased
. In
Andalucía
,
vineyards
and
olive groves
were
maintained
During the
16th century
, the
main source
of
wealth
was
gold and silver
from the
Americas
Crown of Aragón
The
crisis
of the 14th century provoked an
increase
in the abuses of the nobility as the number of available resources
declined
. These abuses were
taxes, fines, etc.
This led to a
peasant uprising
called the
War of the Remences
Ferdinand 'the Catholic'
ended this conflict by
stopping
the
feudal abuses
of the nobility in
1486
Trade
in the
Mediterranean
benefitted from the
incorporation
of
Italian territories
into the
Crown of Aragón
. The main ports were
Valencia
and
Barcelona
Trade benefitted other economic activities like
shipbuilding
and the
textile industry.
The monarchs
protected local industries
by placing
taxes
on
foreign products
Art and culture
During the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, new
humanist
and
Renaissance ideas
spread from
Europe.
These were the
main features
of the
Spanish Renaissance:
The
founding
of new
universities
and the spread of the
printing press
Cardinal Cisneros
financed the
Complutensian Polyglot Bible
, which was written in 4 languages:
Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Chaldean
The
most important
humanist was
Juan Luis Vives
a
converted Jew
who
went into exile
and spent the rest of his life in
England
and
Flanders
. He also proposed the
creation
of
social services
for the
poor
and
educational reforms
The
increase
in the
importance
of the
Castillian language
The philologist and historian
Antonio de Nebrija
published the
first grammar
of this language in
1492
The
Gothic artistic style
was
mantained
One of the most important sculptors was the Italian
Domenico Francelli
. He sculpted the
Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs
in
Granada
The works of
Pedro Berruguete
were influenced by the
Flemish style
In architecture, the
main Gothic works of art
were the
'Isabelline style' (Isabelline Gothic)
and
'Cisneros style'