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Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ex: Influenza (virus), coronavirus
  - - - Ex: Herpes
  - - - Ex: HIV(virus), Ebola (virus)
  - - - Rabies (virus), for example transmitted through being bit by an infected dogs or bats
        Malaria (virus) and Zika (virus), for example transmitted through mosquito bites
  - - - Hepatitis B (virus), for example transmitted through reusing medical needles
  - - - Salmonella (bacteria), for example transmitted through food like raw eggs
        Typhoid fever (bacteria), for example transmitted through contaminated drinking water
- - - - Prokaryotes
      - No nucleus
      - Divide through binary fission
  - - - Not made of cells, some characteristics of life but not all
      - Only survives and reproduces through host cells
      - Prone to quick mutations
  - - - Eukaryotic cells
      - Reproduce through spores
      - asexual reproduction
      - one reproductive cell can spawn a new individual organism
      - This usually causes infections that are isolated to certain areas that don't spread throughout the whole body
      - examples: Epidermophyton (athlete’s foot), ringworm, fungal nail infections
- - - - Covers almost the entire body, leaving only a small window of opportunity for pathogens to enter
      - It is multilayered and thick, which helps minimize the harmful effects of damage
      - It is dry and has a pH that is unfavorable for pathogens to survive on
      - Lysozymes are enzymes that break down pathogens
      - Microbes that are not pathogens compete for resources with pathogens, limiting the ability of pathogens to infect an organism
  - - - Sticky mucous (in nasal cavity, throat, etc) picks up pathogens and prevents them from travelling around the body
      - The pH of mucus is unfavourable to many pathogens, which causes the pathogens to be destroyed or unable to reproduce
      - Lysozymes are enzymes that break down pathogens
      - Microbes that are not pathogens compete for resources with pathogens, limiting the ability of pathogens to infect an organism
- - - - Engulf pathogens and destroy them
        Non-specific immune response
    - - Mostly fight parasites
    - - Release granules of enzymes to fight infections
        Fight allergens
    - - B-cells: Produce antibodies
      - T-cells: Fight infections and activate other cells like phagocytes
      - Killer cells