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Types of Chemical Reactions - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Contain H+ ions
      - Molecules dissociate in water
      - Conduct electricity
        
        lower pH, higher conductivity
      - Strong acids dissociate fully, weak cids dissociate partially
      - Proton donor
    - - Contains OH- ions
      - higher pH, higher conductivity
      - more OH- ions, stronger base
      - Proton acceptors
  - - - Not a redox reaction. Oxidation states do not change
  - - - Titration
    - - Precipitation
  - - - usually metal oxides
        
        MgO, white
        
        FE2O3, black solid
        
        CuO black
    - - usually non-metal oxides
        
        CO2 glows bright red when burns
        
        SO2, blue flame
        
        P4O10, white solid
    - - Both base and acid
        
        Aluminium oxide
- - - - Oxygen lost
      - Gain electron
      - Fall in oxidation state
    - - Oxygean gained
      - Lose electrons
      - Rise in oxidation state
    - - Oxidising agent: itself is reduced
        
        Potassium Manganate(VII)
        
        Potassium Dichromate(VI)
      - Reducing agent: itself is oxidised
        
        Potassium Iodide
- - - - Alloys
        
        Steel
        
        Mild steel
        
        99.7% iron, 0.3% carbon
        
        Used for buildings, ships, machinery
        
        Stainless Steel
        
        70% iron, 20% chromium, 10% nickel
        
        cutlery, surgical equipment
      - Galvanising and Sacrificial Protection
        
        Galvanising
        
        Coating of zinc
        
        Keeps air and moisture away
        
        Protect iron or steel by sacrificial protection
        
        Sacrificial protection
        
        Attaching zinc or magneisum(more reactive metal)
        
        Zinc or magneisum rusts first. Must be replaced before it all dissolves
    - - Aluminium
        
        Ore: Bauxite(Al2O3 - Aluminium oxide)
        
        Place: Electrolysis Tank
        
        Dissolved in molten cryolite(Na3AlF6 - Sodium aluminium fluoride)
        
        Reactions
      - Zinc
        
        ore: Zinc Blende(ZnS - Zin Sulfide)
      - Iron
        
        Ore: Hematite(Fe2O3 - Iron(III) Oxide)
        
        Place: Blast Furnace
        
        Charge
        
        Hematite
        
        Limestone(CaCO3)
        
        Coke(almost pure carbon)
        
        Reactions
      - Ores
        
        Gold(unreactive) exists naturally pure
        
        Bauxite(Al2O3, Aluminium Oxide)
        
        Rock Salt(NaCl, Sodium Chloride)
      - General
        
        Heating with carbon as a reducing agent
  - - - Salt bridge. To provide flow of ions between solutions to complete the circuit.
    - - Uses and Implications
        
        Batteries
        
        Lithium-ion(rechargeable)
        
        Torch
        
        Button
        
        Car
        
        Hydrogen fuel cell
      - More reactive metal discharges electrons(anode - ). Less reactive metal accepts electrons(cathode + ).
    - - Uses
        
        Electroplating
        
        Refining
        
        Brine
        
        Products and chemical equation
        
        uses of products
        
        Diaphragm cell. let ions through emembrane but keep gases apart.
        
        concentrated solution of NaCl
      - Priority:
        
        Cathode(less reactive elements)
        
        Why? Because more reactive element already react with leftover ions from anode.
        
        Reactivity series
        
        Anode(more reactive element)
        
        Grp 17 elements, OH-, Complex ions(SO42-, NO3-,...)
      - Dilute
        
        Anode(water and oxygen)
        
        Cathode(Hydrogen gas)
      - Concentrated/Aqueous
        
        Anode(more reactive element)
        
        Cathode(less reactive element)
      - Anode(+), Cathode(-), PANIC