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IUPAC naming and classification - Coggle Diagram
IUPAC naming and classification
Alkane
General formula : CnH2n+2
Methane, Ethane , Propane, Butane
All bonds in alkanes are single bonds
Complete combustion : enough oxygen supply so water and carbon dioxide form
Incomplete Combustion : Not enough oxygen to burn them cleanly so either carbon monoxide and water or carbon and water will form
Saturated hydrocarbon because it doesn't have double bonds
Alkene
General Formula: CnH2n
Functional group : C=C (carbon carbon double bond)
End with ene
Methene, Ethene, Propene, Butene
Alkenes are unsaturated because they have double bonds, react with bromine turning the mixture from orange to colourless
Alcohol
General formula: CnH2n+1OH
Functional group: OH
Ends with "ol" is an alcohol
Formed by fermentation: enzymes in yeast break down glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide
Formed by catalytic addition of steam to ethene: 570 degrees Celsius, 60-70atm, phosphoric acid is the catalyst used
Low temperature increases yield but high temperature increases rate of reaction
Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol
Carboxylic Acid
General formula: CnH2n+1COOH
Functional Group: COOH
If ends with "oic acid" it is a carboxylic acid
Weak acid with high pH and low dissociation
Formed by oxidation of ethanol
Condensation reaction: ethanoic acid + ethanol <---> ethyl ethanoate + water
(alcohol = "yl" carboxylic acid ="oate")
