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ESP Materials - Coggle Diagram
ESP Materials
Deciding materials and methods
Basic principles in ESP materials design
The roles of materials in ESP
help learners to understand the what, why, and how of the target language setting•
assist learners to use language skills actively
help learners to build their language skills
encourage the incidental learning of target language skills
help learners develop a positive emotional response to the target language skills
support non-specialist instructors
Evaluating materials in ESP
check the introduction
check the table of contents
check publisher’s description of the existing materials
eliminate the least likely materials
a more in-depth evaluation of at least two units of the materials before a final decision is made.
Adopting, adapting, and creating
materials in ESP
Adopting published materials
review the possibilities to fulfill required roles
consider where and how those published materials match the needs of the different stakeholder
understand the administrators’ rationale for choosing the materials
report back to them on how the materials are working in class
suggest changes or improvements to the materials
Adapting published materials
simplify an explanation so learners can grasp main point
expand the explanation
replace it with a more in-depth discussion
add interesting anecdote or example
delete certain exercises the learners have mastered
expand a short exercise if learners need more scaffolding
reorder the exercises to better fit the flow of the lesson
reorder the existing units
add or delete extra units as necessary
Creating custom materials
Five-step approach to custom materials creation:
review previous work
create a general plan
select ‘carrier content’
create explanations and exercises
evaluate and revise the materials
Just-in-time’ custom materials creation:
collect target language samples
analyze and group target language samples
present and discuss target language samples
Utilizing technology in the adaption and
creation of ESP materials
Benefits:
allows you to copy and paste an explanation directly into a browser window
immediately highlight words that are outside of the most frequent bands of English
direct feedback on which words might be problematic for your learners
highlight problematic language in your carrier content and simplify it accordingly
profile tens, hundreds, or even thousands of individual texts in one batch
Platforms:
webpages, email, messaging systems, blogs, and podcasts
survey creation web tools
content management systems (cmss)
social media network platforms including facebook, twitter, and instagram
for-profit platforms such as coursera and futurelearn
Deciding materials and methods
Data-Driven Learning (DDL) in ESP
learners will interact directly with a corpus of target language samples through inductive, self-directed exercises using an online tool such as BNCweb or an offline tool such as AntConc
Instructors play an important role:
offering hints to search the corpus effectively
demonstrating how to interpret the results
helping learners to transfer the knowledge
Contentious issues in ESP: authenticity
Arguments:
more likely to reflect the features that characterize the target language setting
might be the only sources of input that learners receive
can often be motivating to learners
Problems:
too difficult for learners
sometimes dry and boring
may confuse the learners
by definition they are not created for the purpose of language learning.
Basic principles in ESP methods selection
Using traditional teaching and learning methods
audio-lingual method
popular in the 1960s
focuses on reading, writing, listening, and speaking using short dialogues and language items
effective in teaching and learning opening statements
transition phrases in oral presentation
help learners manage the language required to understand questions
to respond in Q&A session after presenting
Adjusting to the knowledge, experiences, and
expectations of the target learners
in a business or law context- a case study approach
in a scientific or engineering context- a more experimental, data-centric approach
in medical fields and hospitality industry- role-plays
in architecture- a task-based approach or project-based approach
in Asia- familiar with presentation-practice-perform (PPP) methods
in Europe or USA- exposed to task-based learning
Key aspects of ESP materials selection
The purpose of materials
Authenticity of ESP materials
Specificity of the materials
Developing materials
roles of needs analysis in selecting materials:
collect and examine data
a starting point for further activities
Selecting materials:
identify context. learners' needs and language expectations
publish textbooks and other materials
use of systematic evaluation procedures
Article
The Importance of Materials Design in ESP and EST by Vida Fathi
Purpose:
To evaluate the textbook used by architecture students
Investigate the problems involved and to suggest the possible solutions
Methods:
text analysis: architectural text, medical text and ordinary text
using questionnaire
examine and find some features of architectural texts
evaluate existing materials
Results of analysis:
passive verbs are more common in architectural text
ordinary text contain more active verbs
"the" is used more in architectural text
students think texts in textbook are not so useful
pronunciation given in book is not productive
teachers are not satisfied with the texts in book