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Ch.3 Critically reviewing the Literature (3.2 The critical review…
Ch.3 Critically reviewing the Literature
3.1 intro
Reasons for review?
the preliminary search that helps you to generate and refine your research ideas
Critical review / critical literature review, is part of your research project proper.
3.2 The critical review
purposes
1.To help you to refine your research questions
To highlight research possibilities
to discover explicit recommendations
To help you to avoid simply repeating work
To sample current opinions in newspapers
To discover and provide an insight into research approaches
Depends on approach
Deductive Approach
you will use the literature to help you to identify theories and ideas that you will test using data.
in which you develop a theoretical or conceptual framework which you subsequently test using data
Inductive Approach
For other research projects you will be planning to explore your data and to develop theories from them that you will subsequently relate to the literature in subsequent discussion
Review question
5 review questions
What is the writer saying that is relevant to what i want to find out?
How convincing is what the author is saying
What is the author trying to do in writing this
5 What use can i make of the reading?
Why am i reading this?
these are specific questions you ask of the reading, which will be linked either directly or indirectly to your research questions
Checklist for 'effective reading'
previewing
annotating
Summarizing
Comparing and contrasting
Types
Integrative review
critiques and synthesizes representative literature on a topic in an integrative way to generate new frameworks and perspectives on a topic
Historical review
which examines the body of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory or phenomenon. Theoretical reviews are often used to establish a lack of appropriate theories or reveal that current theories are inadequate for explaining new or emerging research problem
Methodological review
which focuses on research approaches (Section 4.3), strategies (Section 5.5), data collection techniques or analysis procedures, rather than the research findings. Methodological reviews are often used to provide a framework for understanding a method or methodology and to enable researchers to draw on a wide body of methodological knowledge
Systematic review
which uses a comprehensive pre-planned strategy for locating, critically appraising, analysing and synthesising existing research that is pertinent to a clearly formulated research question to allow conclusions to be reached about what is known
What is meant by 'critical'
Critique of rhetoric
appraising or evaluating a problem with effective use of language
Critique of tradition
conventional wisdom
Critique of authority
dominant view portrayed
Critique of objectivity
knowledge and information you are discussing are not value free
for your review to be critical you will need to have shown critical judgement.
Structure of the critical analysis
literature review that you write for your project report should be a description and critical analysis of what other author have written
Structuring and drafting the critical review
3 common structures
Single chapter
Seriers of chapters
occurring throughout the project report as you tackle various issues
How to go write lit review
How far existing published research goes to answering your research question
is to ask yourself how your review relates to your objective
If not, make cleaner research questions
Funnel
start at a more general level before narrowing down to your specific research question(s) and objective
provide a brief overview of key ideas and theme
summaries, compare and contrast the research of the key authors
Narrow down to highlight previous research work most relevant to your own research
Provide a detailed account of the findings of this research and show how they are related
Highlight those aspects where your own research will provide fresh insights
Lead the reader into subsequent sections of your report, which explore these issues
3.3 Literature sources
Primary Literature (grey)
The first occurrence of a piece of work, including published sources such as government white papers and planning documents and unpublished manuscript sources such as letters, memos and committee minute.
Secondary Literature
Subsequent publication of primary literature such as books and journals.
Tertiary Literature
Source designed to help locate primary and secondary literature, such as an index, abstract, encyclopaedia or bibliography.
3.4 Planning your literature search strategy
This should include
The Parameters of your search
Literature type
Publication period
Geographical area
Business sector
Subject area
Language
The search term and phrases you intend to use
Search terms
are the basic terms that describe your research question(s) and objectives
The criteria you intend to use to select the relevant and useful studies from all the items you find
The online databases and search engines you intend to use
3.5 Conducting your literature search
Different approaches
Searching using online databases
Full text online database
abstracts
Indexes
as the name suggest, only index articles from a range of journals
Obtaining relevant literature
scanning and browsing secondardy literature in your library
General online searching
3.6 Obtaining & Evaluating the literature
3.7 Recording the literature
Bibliographic detail
Breif summary of content
Supplementary information
3.8 using systematic review
Formulate the review questions
Locate and generate a comprehensive
Select and evaluate
Analyze and synthesize
Report the result providing
3.9 Plagiarism
it is presenting work or ideas as if they are your own when in reality, they are the work or ideas of someone else, and failing to acknowledge the original source.
stealing materiel from another source and passing it off ass your own
Submitting a paper written by someone else
Copying sections of material from one or more source text supplying proper documentation (including the full reference) but leaving out quotation marks, thus giving the impression that the material has been paraphrased rather than directly quoted;
4.Paraphrasing material from one or more source text without supplying appropriate documentation.