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FUNCTION OF BRAIN MAPPING TECHNIQUES (COMPUTER AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY…
FUNCTION OF BRAIN MAPPING TECHNIQUES
COMPUTER AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY
Advantages
Safer
the fan-shaped beam exposes the body to less radiation than traditional Xrays.
more precise
only takes a cross-section of an organ, avoiding the problem of interference of all the layers of tissue present in x-ray images
a clearer image of brain structure "deblurring" by the computer technology-3D
painless
the procedure is noninvasive and painless, and is generally quick and convenient
Disadvantages
Does not indicate when an activity is occurring in the brain
allergic reaction
some people can have an allergic reaction to this, and this the most common side effect CAT scan patients complain of
Descriptions
pictures of the structure within the body created by a computer that takes the data from multiple x-ray images and turns them in pictures
can reveal some soft-tissue and other structures that cannot be seen in a conventional x-ray.
SINGLE PHOTON
Disadvantages
has a much higher cost
the spatial resolution of SPECT is limited
SPECT has the same radiation risk
Descriptions
Able to provide true 3D information.
This information is typically presented as cross-sectional slices through the patient but can be freely reformatted or manipulated as required
Advantages
That is have been extensively validated and has good sensitivity
cost is lower than PET
more widely available than PET
FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Descriptions
Looks at blood flow in the brain to detect areas of activities
Help doctors understand more about how the brain works
Based on the same technology as Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)
Advantages
can evaluate brain function safely, noninvasely and effectively
easy to use
the images it produces are very high resolution
far more objective compared to the traditional questionnaire methods of the psychological evaluation
Disadvantages
expensive
can only capture a clear image if the person who is being scanned stays completely still
researchers still don't completely understand how it works
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
Descriptions
It also produces cross-sectional, 3D images of the body
without using the radiation.
MRI is a non-invasive way to view organs, tissues, bones,
and other structures inside the body.
It uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce internal images of the body
Advantages
MRI contrasting agent is less likely to produce an allergic reaction that may occur when iodine-based substances are used for x-rays and CT scan
MRI can determine if an MRI will not be able to find all cancers
(i.e. breast cancers indicated by microcalcifications)
MRI is non-invasive and does not use radiation
can easily create hundreds of images from almost any direction and in any orientation
Can cover large portions of the body
gives extremely clear, detailed images of soft-tissuee structures that other imaging techniques cannot achieve
Disadvantages
if a patient chooses to be sedated for the scanning, there is a slight risk associated with using the sedation medication
MRI is not painful, but the patient must remain still in an enclosed machine, which may be a problem for claustrophobic patients
There is a small chance that a patient could develop an allergic reaction to the contrasting agent, or that a skin infection could develop at the site of injection
An undetected metal implant in a patient's body may be affected by the strong magnet of the MRI unit
MRI cannot always distinguish between malignant tumors or benign disease (such as breast fibroadenomas), which could lead to a false positive results
PET SCAN
Descriptions
method of measuring celebral blood flow while subject carries out cognitive tasks(uses radioactive isotopes
PET scans look at bodily process by detecting the decay products from radioactive tracers injected into the body
Advantages
Since it can study bodily function through biochemical processes, the scans are able to detect diseases before the symptoms and signs show hence they are more effective compared to the other imaging tests
the best options for those people scared of getting infection from medical procedures
Disadvantages
exposure to radioactive rays which is not good and also means there is only a number of times one can undergo PET imaging
radioactive elements used in these scans are short lived it might cause some complications especially to pregnant patients
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