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chapter 12: transport process (water potential (pressure potential (the…
chapter 12: transport process
diffusion, osmosis, and active transport
three types of membranes
completely impermeable
do not allow solutes to diffuse through them and occur as isolation barriers
freely permeable
allow all solutions to diffuse through them and have little biological significance
selectively permeable
allow certain substances to pass through all lipid and protein cell membranes are differently permeable
diffusion
random movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration areas
known as osmosis
water potential
free energy of water
water can be heated, put under pressure, or elevated
pressure potential
the effect that pressure has on water potential
osmotic potential
the effect that solutes have on water potential
metric potential
water adhesion to non-dissolved structures
short distance intercellular transport
apoplast
small molecules can move easily through both the wall and intercellular places
symplast
all of the protoplasm of one plant can be considered one continuous mass
transfer cells
walls are smooth on the outer surface but have finger-like outgrowths on the inner surface
motor cells
simular to guard cells
accumulate or expel potassium adjusting their water potential and turgidity
long distance transport
phloem
mass transfer
amount of sugars and other nutrients transported by phloem per hour
pressure flow hypothesis
membrane bound molecular pumps and active transport are postulated to be the important driving forces
actively transported
spices and sugars are transported into sieve elements
sinks
sites that receive transported phloem sap and they are extremely diverse
ploymer trap mechanism
conducting cell plasma membranes are permeable to monosaccharides but not to polysaccharides
xylem
transcuticular transpiration
water lost through cuticle
cohesion tension hypothesis
most widely accepted model of the process
transstomatal transpiration
water loss