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Transport Processes (Short-Distance Intercellular Transport (Motor Cells,…

- - - - K+ ions actively transported into guard cells to open them
- - - - Freely Permeable
      - Completely impermeable
      - Selectively Permeable
        
        All lipid/protein cell membranes
        
        Aquaporins
  - - - Use energy of ATP to force molecules across a membrane
- - - - Pressure potential
        
        Effect that pressure has on water potential
        
        Measured in MPa
      - Osmotic Potential
        
        Effect that solutes have on water potential
      - Matric potential
        
        Water's adhesion to nondisolved structures
- - - - Sources=sites from which H2O and nutrients are transported
        
        Leaves=dormant sources during summer and spring
        
        Early spring=tubers, corms, wood, and bark parenchyma
        
        Sugars are actively transported into sieve elements
        
        Or in some species
        
        Phloem is loaded by Polymer Trap Mechanism
      - STM/CC complex
        
        Functional unit of loading phloem
        
        Composed of
        
        A conducting cell
        
        One or several companion cells
      - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-b6dvKgWBVY
      - Mass transfer
        
        Photosynthate transported by phloem per hour
        
        Specific mass transfer
      - Sinks
        
        Sites that receive transported phloem sap
        
        Extremely diverse
        
        As quickly as nutrients are loaded at sources, they are unloaded at sinks
      - "Bleeding"
        
        Phloem sap is under pressure, and runs the risk of bleeding if cut
        
        2 Mechanisms exist to clot
        
        P-protein
        
        P-protein plug
        
        Callose
  - - - Cohesion
      - Adhesion
      - Heavy-> requires a lot of energy to lift
    - - Cohesion-tension hypothesis
        
        Transstomatal transpiration
        
        Transcutiicular Transpiration
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5srixeNEQA8
      - Cavitation #
        
        Breaking of a water column
        
        Embolism=air bubble
        
        Often means that the tracheid or vessel can never conduct again