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Integumentary System Wendy Alcantar p.1 (Layers of Dermis (Papillary= any…
Integumentary System Wendy Alcantar p.1
Function of the Integumentary Sytem
Integument= covering
Organs including skin and accessory organs
One of the largest organs of the body
Function: regulation of the body temperature
Sensation: touch, vibration, pain, temperature
Excretion: waste in form of urea( sweat)
Body Membranes
thin, sheet-like structure
Function: A) covers and protect body sure B) line body cavities C) covers surface of organs D) anchor organs E)secrete fluids
4 Types 1.Cutaneous membrane 2. Serous membranes 3. Mucus membranes 4. Synovial membranes
Layers of the Skin
Epidermis (outer layer) superficial
keratinized stratified squamous epithelial
Avascular- oxygen nutrients diffuse from dermis
Dermis (inner layer)
Dense fibrous CT with collagen and elastic fibers
much thicker. Contains blood vessel, nerve fibers
Hypodermis (hypo=under) Adipose tissue *anchors skin to the underlying structure shock absorber and insulator to reduce heat loss
Layers of the Epidermis
Stratum basale: deepest layer, cell constantly dividing (mitosis), basal cells, 90% are keretinocycles, 10% are melanocytes and other types
Stratum spinosum: several layers thick of flattened cells with bundles of keratin. Cells in this layer form DESMOSOMES fussing the cell together in a tight mass, given the layer it's "spikey"
Stratum granulosum: very thin in region, last layer that can obtain nutrients from diffusion
Stratum lucidum: 2-3 rows of dear, flat, dead cells, translucent layer that looks like a band, visible only in thick skin
Stratum corneum: outermost layer, 20 to 30 dead cells, high levels of keratin, protection against abrasion and penetration
Layers of Dermis
Papillary= any similar fleshy projection
thin superficial layer
loose connective tissue
small projections "stick up" forming the DERMAL papillae contains capillaries, nerve ending, light receptors called Meissner's corpuscles
Reticular= deepest layer, bottom 2/3 dermis
dense connective tissue
80% of the thickness
Accessory Organ
Hair: Flexible stards, produced by hair follicles. Consists largely of dead, keratinized cells. Melanocytes provide pigment for hair color
Function: not used for warmth anymore. Sense insects of the skin before they bite us. Physical trauma, heat loss and sunlight
Cutaneous Glands: secrete product onto surface of skin
Sudoriferous Glands: distributed over the entire skin except nipples, lips, and some genitalia
Eccrine sweat Glands: almost everywhere and most numerous. Eccrine sweat
Apocrine Glands: found in axillary and genital areas, deeper in dermis and larger than eccrine glands
Skin Cancer Types
Basal Cell carcinoma: Least malignant but most common. Stratum basal, occur most often on sun-exposed areas of face
Squamous Cell carcinoma: second most common skin cancer. Affects more men than women. Grows and metastizes to lymph nodes quickly
Malignant Melanoma: most deadly of skin cancer. Highly metastic and resistant to chemotherapy