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bacteria and archaea (Structural and functional adaptations (Fimbriae-…
bacteria and archaea
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Prokaryotes in life
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Some Archea, such as extreme thermophilies and extreme halophilies, live in extreme environments.
Decomposition by heterotrophic prokaryotes and the synthetic activities of autotrophic and nitrogen fixing prokaryotes contribute to the recycling of elements in ecosystems
The relationship between prokaryotes and their hosts range from mutualism to commensalism to parasitism
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Genetic recombination
Transformation- the genetic alteration of a cell by introduction of extraneous DNA, especially by a plasmid
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Conjuction- the temporary union of 2 bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material
Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in prokaryotes.
Bionary fusion- A type of asexual reproduction common among prokaryotes wherein a cell divides giving rise to 2 cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell
prokaryotes traits
Since prokaryotes can often prolifirate rapidly, mutations can quickly increase a populations genetic variation. As a result populations can evolve quickly and respond to changing conditions.
Genetic diversity in prokaryotes can arise by recombination of the DNA. By transferring advantageous alleles, such as antibiotic resistance, recombination can prompt adaptive evolution in prokaryotes,
Four modes of nutrition
Photoautotrophy- the bacteria that use light energy, CO2 , as their carbon source and an inorganic electron source
Chemoautotrophy- the bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds and use CO2 as their sole source of carbon
Photoheterotrophy- bacteria that use light energy and organic electron donors as well as simple organic molecules rather than CO2 as the source of carbon
Chemoheterotrophy- bacteria which use organic compounds as source of energy, electrons, hydrogen and carbon for biosynthesis
Nitrogen Fixation
Bacteria converts nitrogen into something plants can use, fixes N2 into NH3
BNitrogen is essential for the production of amino acids and nucleic acids in all organisms
metabolic cooperation
Cooperation between prokaryotes allows them to use environmental resources they could not use as individual cells
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