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Configuring basic networking (Configuring Linux for a Local Network (DHCP…

- - - - internal or external
  - - - Contains several varieties
        
        Most modern Ethernet hardware
        
        twisted- pair cabling
        
        wires tiwsted to minimize interference
      - Speeds measured in Base-T
    - - Exception to ethernet
        
        protocols like 802.11a
        
        Maximum speeds
        
        intercompatible
    - - Cabling
        
        Gigabit best with Cat-5e or optical calbes
        
        Central switch or hub
        
        switches are superior to hubs
  - - - packets
        
        helps error handling
    - - Holds on to them and reassembles them
        
        It's not uncommon for packets to be lost
    - - Ethernets include own packet type
  - - - converts and encapsulates data
      - Helpful to carry transportation
    - - compatible protocol stack
    - - show configuratins
  - - - transport-layer protocol
        
        building blocks for
        
        application-layer protocols
    - - IP
      - ICMP
      - UDP
      - TCP
- - - - Unique hardware addresses
        
        MAC addresses
        
        Hexadecimal
        
        colon separated
        
        Used in DHCP
    - - IPv4
        
        4 billion addresses
        
        size of the IP address 4 bytes
        
        4 base 10 numbers 0-255
        
        127.x.y.z
        
        localhost
      - IPv6
        
        16 byte
        
        some are overhead
        
        larger
        
        eight groups
        
        four-digit hexadecimal numbers
      - Networ mask
        
        identifies the IP address portion
        
        which includes a network addrss
        
        identified as classless inter-domain routing
        
        CIDR
    - - Type of network transmission
        
        sent to all computers on local network
        
        under TCP/P
        
        a broadcast is done by specifying binary 1 values
        
        inall machine bits of the IP address
    - - linking names for computers to IP Addresses
      - two parts
        
        machine names
        
        particular computer
        
        domain names
        
        collection of computers
        
        structured hierarchically
      - DHCP may assign a hostname automatically
  - - - distritbuted database of computers
        
        convets IP address and hostnames
        
        Every domain must have two DNS servers
        
        provide or redirect query
      - programs
        
        nslookup
        
        host
        
        dig
        
        whois
- - - - configuration is maual
        
        requires IP address, network mask, gateway address DNS settings
  - - - trouter address used as gateway
  - - - your network admin is able to add an entry, makes the computer addressable by name from other computers
    - - various programs know your computers name
      - hostname must be set locally