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Week 5 - Judgment & Decision making (specific bias (representative…
Week 5 - Judgment & Decision making
perceptions process
goal
filter information automatically
expertise
knowledge matters
emotion
emtion decides perception
fundamental attribution error
attribute more to internal factors other than external
eg. road rage
attribution process
distinctiveness
act the same in different situations?
consensus
act the same over time?
consistency
act the same over time?
specific bias
framing heuristic
representative heuristic
Definition:
Used when making judgements of the probability of an event under uncertainty
Example:
The probability of Steve being a librarian is assessed based on the degree to which he is representative of a stereotypical librarian
availability heuristic
Definition:
we assess the frequency, probability or likely causes of an event by the degree to which those occurrences or causes of that event are already in mind
Example:
When someone thinks they will have a car crash because they have experienced a car crash in the past
hindsight bias
Definition:
Refers to the tendency to perceive events that have already occurred
Example:
Steve claims he knew that he knew Nat Fyfe was going to win the brownlow medal after he won it
self serving bias
Definition:
A self-serving bias is any cognitive process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem.
Example:
A student gets a good grade on a test and tells herself that she studied hard or is good at the material.
curse of knowledge
Definition:
A cognitive bias that occurs when an individual, communicating with other individuals, unknowingly assumes that the others have the background to understand.
Example:
in a classroom setting, teachers have difficulty teaching novices because they cannot put themselves in the position of the student.
overconfidence bias
mother of all bias
over-precision
definition
:we are too sure our judgement and decisions are right
example: when driving on unfamiliar road, we follow the heart but we actually wrong
illusion of control
definition
:we think we have more control over results than we actually do
example: buying lottery tickets makes you feel you can know the prize-winning number
over placement
definition
:we believe we are better than others in specific ways but we actually not
example：road rage
planning fallacy
definition
: we over-estimate the speed we will complete the tasks and project
example: when you prepare for your exam
escalation of commitment
Definition:
When someone facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision nevertheless continues the behavior instead of altering course.
Example:
A fat person who continues to eat bad food when they know they are unhealthy