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Acute Asthma Exacerbation (Pathophysiology (exposure to allergen,…
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Risk Factors
continual exposure to allergen/irritant
obesity
smoker
occupation
family history
respiratory infections
Pathophysiology
exposure to allergen
sensitized individual
adaptive and innate immune response
airway inflammation
narrowing and obstruction of airways
airway remodeling
hypoxemia and alkalosis first
hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis
Treatment
short-acting beta agonist
ipratropium
oral and IV corticosteroids
mechanical ventilation
Diagnosis
physical exam
spirometry
imaging
pulse oximeter
ABG
Epidemiology
severe attack results in hospitalization
females more likely to be hospitalized
African-Americans and Hispanics more likely to be hospitalized than caucasians
poor preventative methods
delay in care causing attack to be more severe