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Cardiovascular Pharmacology (Terms (CHF (congestive heart failure, dilated…
Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Terms
Preload
Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
Is increased in:
Heart failure
regurgitation of cardiac valves
hypervolemia
Basically, the VOLUME of blood there is to push. More/less fluid changes this.
Afterload
Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood.
Increased in:
Hypertension
Vasoconstriction
Based on vascular resistance. Higher afterload means higher cardiac workload.
CHF
congestive heart failure
dilated cardiomyopathy
Chambers in the heart become enlarged or stretched
The heart has tried to take in more blood and relaxes too much causing the stretching. True dilated cardiomyopathy is when the WHOLE heart is stretched. There is often a genetic component at play. But there can be dilated cardiomyopathy where only part of the heart is stretched.
DOG thing
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
The heart muscles becomes thicker because it is trying to push more blood, harder. This bulking reduces the chamber size which means it has to push harder which reduces the chamber size...
CAT thing
3 things the heart does to try and fix the problem
1) increase the heart rate
When the rate is too fast, it doesn't have as much time to fill
2) increase the stroke volume
AKA increasing the preload
We give drugs to do this
3) decrease the afterload
Decreasing the vascular tone
we give drugs to do this
Arrhythmia
Valve disease
Medications for heart conditions
-Tropics
Multi-Mechanism
drugs that are in multiple categories
Inotropes
Drugs that change how hard the heart beats
Chronotropes
Drugs that change how fast/slow the heart beats
Anti-Arrhythmics
Class 1 - Fast Sodium Channel Blockers
Class 2 - Beta blockers
Class 3 - Potassium Channel Blockers
Class 4 - Slow Calcium blockers
Class 5 - Variable Mechanism
Vasodilators
ACE inhibitors
Diuretics
Reduce preload by decreasing fluid build up
Overdose can cause dehydration
Diet
Reducing sodium
encourage weight loss
Prevent weight gain
Other treatments
Bronchodilators
O2 supplementation
Enhancing Erythropoiesis
Centesis
Sedation
Antitussives
Aspirin/Anticoagulants