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CH-7- Fundamental Rights (Articles of fundamental rights(12 to 35)…

- - - - Article 31A,Protect five categories of laws from the ground of violation of the fundamental rights of the article 14 and 19.
        These laws are related to the agricultural land reform,industry and commerce such as-
        1.Aquistion of the estate and related right to state.
    - - It protect any act and regulation from the ground of violation of any fundamental right if it included in the Ninth schedule of the constitution.
        Article 31B is the wider form of the article 31A.
        But ,In 2007 (I.R coelho case) SC gave judgement that the parliament do not have right to end the judicial review if they include the law into the 9th schedule because “judicial review”is the basic structure of the constitution,and it can not be changed.Therefore,After the 1973 Those laws and acts included in the 9th schedule of the constitution and if he violated the basic fundamental rights such as Article 14,15,19 and 21,then SC have right to declared invalid or unconstitutional that law.
        Originally(1951),The ninth schedule have 13 acts but till now it have more than 250 acts.
    - - According to article 31C,If any law implement the socialistic Directive principles under the Article 39b and c and it violate the fundamental right,Article 14 and 19 then SC not have right to invalid the law,or act.
        And,According to the second provision of the article 31C,No one can raised the question if law was made for the implementation of article 39b and c that this policy is implement the DPSP or not.
        Then,in Keshavananda Bharti case,SC said that no one can deprived the power of judicial review from the judiciary,and they declared second provision of article 31C as unconstitutional.
        Then,In 42th amendment act,1976 Govt.tried to expand the first provision and replaced the term from article 39(b) and (c)to the all directive principles.But ,in Minerva mill case(1980)SC declared unconstitutional the new provisions of the article 31C.