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Integumentary System Eric Hernandez p.1 (body membranes (are thin sheets…
Integumentary System Eric Hernandez p.1
layers of the skin
epidermis- the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone
stratum basale-The stratum basale is a single layer of cells primarily made of basal cells
stratum lucidum-is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope. It is readily visible by light microscopy only in areas of thick skin, which are found on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet
stratum granulosum-is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.
stratum spinosum-is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale
stratum corneum-the horny outer layer of the skin.
dermis-beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands
papillary layer-is a layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis. This layer contains (endings of) capillaries, lymph vessels and sensory neurons. It has a loose network of connective tissue, this characteristic separates it from the reticular layer underneath.
reticular layer-is the lower layer of the dermis, found under the papillary dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue featuring densely packed collagen fibers
hypodermis- is made of fat and connective tissue.
Function of the
Integumentary System
Skin
regulation of heat-dilated vessels allow for heat loss, while constricted vessels retain heat. The skin regulates body temperature with its blood supply.
secretion- Sweat, a physiological aid to body temperature regulation
protection-It is a stable but flexible outer covering that acts as barrier, protecting your body from harmful things in the outside world such as moisture
epidermis-has five layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
excretion and absorption-The skin contains sweat glands that excrete perspiration through skin pores. Absorption is a route of exposure for toxic substances
dermis-is a layer of skin between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues
Hair
hair follicle- anchors each hair into the skin
hair bulb- forms the base of the hair follicle
hair shaft- formed of three layers: The medulla – the deepest layer of the hair shaft, only seen in large and thick hairs. The cortex – the middle layer of the hair shaft which provides the strength, colour and texture of a hair fibre. The cuticle – the outer layer of the hair shaft is thin and colourless.
function- include protection, regulation of body temperature, and facilitation of evaporation of perspiration; hairs also act as sense organs
Hair root-surround the root of the growing hair and extend just up to the hair shaft
nails
nail plate -the visible part of the nail
nail bed -the skin beneath the nail plate
cuticle -the tissue that overlaps the plate and rims the base of the nail
nail folds -the skin folds that frame and support the nail on three sides
lunula -the whitish half-moon at the base of the nail
matrix -the hidden part of the nail unit under the cuticle
glands
cutaneous gland- are sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Sebaceous glands, or oil glands, are found all over the skin, except on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
sudoriferious glands-are small tubular structures situated within and under the skin
eccrine glands-small sweat glands that produce a fluid secretion without removing cytoplasm from the secreting cells and that are restricted to the human skin
apocrine glands-a gland and especially a sweat gland that secretes a viscous fluid into a hair follicle
mammary glands-ny of the large compound sebaceous glands that in female mammals are modified to secrete milk,
body membranes
are thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs.
synovial membranes-is the connective tissue which lines the inner surface of the capsule of a synovial joint and secretes synovial fluid which serves a lubricating function, allowing joint surfaces to smoothly move across each other.
mucous membranes-hat lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue.
serous membranes-s a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid
cutaneous membranes-line cavities that do not open to the outside, and they cover the organs located within those cavities
skin cancer
benign- tumor is not a malignant tumor, which is cancer. It does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body the way cancer can
Malignant- tumors are cancerous growths. They are often resistant to treatment, may spread to other parts of the body and they sometimes recur after they were removed
metastasis- cancer cells break away from where they first formed (primary cancer), travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors (metastatic tumors) in other parts of the body. The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor.
skin infections
psoriases -starts when bacteria, often a variety of staph or strep, get into the deeper layers of the skin
cold sores- usually starts with a tingling, itching or burning sensation around your mouth
athletes foot- a fungal infection that usually begins between the toes. It commonly occurs in people whose feet have become very sweaty while confined within tightfitting shoes.