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Acute Asthma (Clinical Presentation (hypercapnia (lethargy, confusion),…
Acute Asthma
Clinical Presentation
Increased frequency of symptoms
hypoxemia
pale appearance
hypercapnia
lethargy
confusion
decreased expiratory volume
activity intolerance
aggitation/anxiety
difficulty speaking
dyspnea
tachypnea
tachycardia
frequent use of rescue medicaions
Pathophysiology
uncontrolled hyperresponse to allergen/irritant
Exposure to irritant allergen
Activates inflammatory response
cytokines & interleukins
activates B lympocytes
release IgE
binds to allerens & mast cells
histiamine release
airway narrows/obstucted
brochial smooth muscle hyperplasial
brocnhial mucosa secretion
Diagnosis
pulse oximetry
blood gasses
peak flow
clinical presentation
Epidemiology
Females more likley to be uncontrolled
over 18 years
death more likely
African American & Hispanic all ages
Treatment
administer oxygen
nasal cannula/mask
intubation/mechanical ventilation
open airway
bronchodilators
inhaled
nebulized
corticosteroids
oral
IV
inhaled