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Learning theories (Behaviourist learning theory (Behaviourism stemmed…
Learning theories
Behaviourist learning theory
Behaviourism stemmed largely from the work of :silhouette:
Skinner
(psychologist). Operant conditioning was his methodology for understanding learning.
Reward and punishment for behaviours; Link to game based learning theory - rewards good/positive action
Operant conditioning in education
Social Development theory
Key proponent :silhouette:
Vygotsky
(opposite to what Piaget says) - Vygotsky says social interaction precedes development; that consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialisation and social behaviour
3 major themes: social interaction and the importance of working with others in learning; the 'more knowledgeable other' ('MKO') - role of the coach; zone of proximal development ('ZPD') - the point where the learning actually takes place
Humanistic learning theory
:silhouette:
Kolb
's experiential learning cycle
Kolb looked at a combination of different approaches which build very closely on constructivist learning theory, and on :silhouettes:
Piaget's
work of developmental proximity. It also brings in proponents of :silhouettes:
Vygotsky
in terms of how we get our knowledge to us and reinforcing our knowledge, and finally it brings in the reflective thinking taxonomies of :silhouettes:
Dewey
, :silhouettes:
Moon
and :silhouettes:
Race
, in a nice package, and in terms of higher education practice and theory a lot of us recognise this learning cycle.
Kolb talks about learning styles (but not to be confused with VARK)
Concrete experience > feeling > think about the impact the experience had > apply this - what to do with that experience > then by changing something how does this make us feel? Is it different to our original experience? Repeat the process.
:silhouette:
Maslow
's hierarchy of needs: why we do things, and how we get to the point of self actualisation. Some similarities with Bloom's taxonomy
Human actions are directed towards goal attainment - student wants to achieve something, therefore their actions are put in place to help them achieve that thing. Higher ed - goal to pass degree. Will take actions to motivate them to achieve that goal. Wider - student wants employment - goal in life.
Constructivist learning theory
Learning always takes place through an experience, it uses all of our senses, all of the time, to take input from the world around us - from the inputs we build and formulate opinions, ideas, beliefs and thoughts which are learning in action from the real world.
Hard to pin down in terms of a particular methodology - not a single theory in its own right but may form part of a number of learning theories
Cognitive learning theory
Based on work of :silhouette:
Piaget
(links with :silhouettes::Skinner and behaviourism). He established that cognitive development was a progressive reorganisation go mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experiences.
Issue with the theory - can't measure that the learning has happened unlike eg behaviourist theory. Piaget's work conflicts with Bruner and Vygotsky