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Integument (Treatment (A severe burn like this one the patient will need…

- - - - Mostly protective
        
        barrier to the entry of microbes and viruses
      - Waterproof
        
        prevents water and extracellular fluid loss
      - Excretes limited wastes
        
        Eliminates some ammonia, urea, and uric acid
      - regulates body temperature
        
        Heat and cold receptors are located on the skin
        
        When body temperature rises the hypothalmus sends a signal to the skin to produce sweat
        
        When body temperature falls the sweat glands constrict
      - Holds about 5 percent of the body's blood volume
        
        When other organs such as muscles need more blood the dermal blood vessels constrict and sends the blood where its needed
      - Attachment site for sensory receptors
        
        Meissner Corpuscles
        
        makes us aware of caress or clothing against skin
        
        Lamellar Corpuscles
        
        allows us to feel pressure
    - - Epidermis
        
        Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
        
        Cells
        
        Keratinocytes
        
        protective properties
        
        Melanocytes
        
        protection from UV rays
        
        Dendritic cells
        
        immune system activators
        
        tactile cells
        
        sensory receptore
        
        Layers
        
        Stratum Corneum
        
        Horny layer
        
        Protection against abrasion and penetration
        
        Waterproof
        
        Stratum Lucidum
        
        Clear layer
        
        visible only in thick skin
        
        2-3 rows of dead, flat keratinocytes
        
        Stratum Granulosa
        
        Tought
        
        water resistant
        
        Stratum Spinosum
        
        Prickly layer
        
        Flat sac completely filled with keratin
        
        Stratum basale
        
        Deepest layer
        
        single row of stem cells
        
        renews population
      - Dermis
        
        Papillary layer
        
        connective tissue
        
        interlaced collagen and elastic fibers
        
        heavily invested with small blood vessels
        
        Reticular layer
        
        80% percent of the dermis's thckness
        
        coarse, irregular connective tissue
        
        Densely packed collagen
        
        roots of hair
        
        Sebaceous glands
        
        sweat glands
        
        receptors
        
        blood vessels
        
        nails
        
        collagen fibers create tension lines
      - Hypodermis
        
        Fatty Tissue
        
        Carotene Accumulates
        
        Energy reserve
        
        insulator
  - - - First Degree Burns
        
        Localized redness, swelling, and pain
        
        Heal in 2-3 days
        
        sunburn
      - Second Degree Burns
        
        Damages epidermis and upper dermis
        
        mimics 1st degree symptoms but blisters occur
        
        3-4 weeks healing time
      - Third Degree Burns
        
        affected area appears red, white, gray, or blackened
        
        Since nerve endings are burned there is usually no pain
        
        Skin might grow back but skin grafting is usually recommended due to fluid loss
    - - Divides body into 11 areas each accounting for 9% of the body
      - genitals (Perineum) count as 1%
      - Anterior and posterior head and neck 9%
      - Anterior and posterior upper limbs 18%
      - Anterior and posterior trunk 36%
      - Anterior and posterior lower limbs 36%
    - - Critical burns
        
        Over 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns
        
        Over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns
        
        There are 3rd degree burns on face, hands, or feet