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Genes and the genetic basis of metbolism (storing genetic information,…
Genes and the genetic basis of metbolism
storing genetic information
the structure of genes
Each gene must have a structure that allows controlling substances to recognize the gene , bind to it, and activate it at the proper time
transcription of genes
After RNA polymerase binds and encounters the start signal, it begins actually creating RNA, a process called transcription
the genetic code
stop codons
UAA , UAG, UGA
start codons
AUG
protein synthesis
In the process of protein synthesis, ribosomes bind to mRNA and "read" its codons.
ribosome
tRNA
During protein synthesis amino acids are carried to ribosomes by nucleic acids known as transfer RNA
mRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene.
Analysis of genes and recombinant DNA techniques
Restriction Endonucleases
Nucleic acid hybridization
polymerase chain reaction
a powerful technique for DNA cloning
DNA sequencing
process of determining the nucleic acid sequence in the order of nucleotides in DNA.
DNA cloning
molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of DNA, such as a gene
virus structure
retrovirus
split genome viruses
formation of new particles
at some point, viral components assemble into new particles
virus metabolism
bacteriophage virus
viruses that attack bacteria
origin of viruses
unclear evolutionary history some may have evolved from plasmids while others may have evolved from bacteria
