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Castrejon_Emmanuelokeke_Causes of World War One (The Causes of World War…

- - - - Technologically and industrially advanced. One of the greatest economies in Europe at the time.
    - - Rapid industrial growth had lined the pockets of the middle and upper-classes, but the industrial working classes received nothing. Industrialization and rapid urban growth spawned all manner of social problems: poverty, and disease were rampant in British cities.
    - - French farmers left their rural villages and relocated to towns and cities, causing rapid urbanization. Working class barely benefited from massive industrialization.
    - - The National Austro-Hungarian Bank was formed, supplying credit and investment funds, as well as forming a vital financial link between the two halves of the empire. Manufacturing and industrial production increased rapidly in the western half of the empire, while the east remained its agricultural heart, producing most of the Dual Monarchy’s food. Austro-Hungarian annual growth was the second-fastest in Europe, behind that of Germany.
    - - Mostly agricultural. Was almost entirely agrarian, with only minimal manufacturing or industry.
  - - - Russia
        
        Militarism: Russian military might was talked of across Europe, primarily because of the millions of men that Saint Petersburg could call into service. Imperial Russia boasted a standing army of 1.5 million men, the largest in Europe – and if could increase conscripts were called upon. Suffered loss to Japan however. Giving doubt to military strength.
        Imperialism: Russia’s chief interest was in eastern Europe, particularly the future of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire. St Petersburg hoped to take advantage of the Ottoman disintegration, to increase its influence and further its imperial ambitions in the region. Russia was also an ally, indeed something of a ‘protector’ of Serbia, whose people shared religious and ethnic links with Slavic Russians.
        Nationalism: Trying to establish itself as a superpower in the world.Main goal was to unify the Slavics around them and get more land in the Balkans. Believed they can be the best once they accomplish this goal.
      - France
        
        Military: One of the greatest armies in the world under the rule of Napoleon. Political division led to devastating loss with Prussia. This left the French army embarrassed and seen as a laughing stock.
        Imperialism: Fight for Africa with Great Britain. Had many nations under their control in the Pacific. Indochina consisted of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
        Nationalism: Strong anti-German nationalist ideals. Believed that they could be back on top if they get rid of the "German problem:. Needed back they lost during the Franco-Prussian War.
      - Britain
        
        Military: Strongest Navy in the World. Didn't have the concept of conscription for their nation. Isolated by Ocean.
        Imperialism: British empire the biggest in the world. Owned the biggest amount of land in Africa and Asia. Had lots of exports and citizens for war.
        Nationalism: Believed they were already one of the best nations in the world. They were isolated and didn't have to be part of of any real conflict.
      - Ottoman Empire
        
        Military: Once a great military power but now seen as an embarrassment.
        Imperialism: Used to own major land in Africa, the Balkans, and land in the Middle East
        Nationalism: New groups plot to take over land in the Ottoman Empire. New Turks gain popularity with the masses. Belief to recreate the image of Ottoman Empire.
      - Germany
        
        Military: Most successful army and one of the best navies in the world now.
        Imperialism: Germany was looking for land in the African continent and land in the Pacific
        Nationalism: Major push on the idea of Weltpolitik. Establishing Germany's place in the sun.
      - Austria-Hungary
        
        Military: The Dual Monarchy’s military force was essentially comprised of three armies: those which still belonged to the kingdoms of Austria and Hungary, along with a newly created force called the Imperial and Royal Army.
        Imperial: Took over many Slavic states. Like Czechoslovakia.
        Nationalism: Just like Germany, they had a strong belief in being one of the best nations. Had taken over many European nations and didn't plan on stopping.
  - - - Germany and Austria-Hungary formed an alliance to watch each others back whenever there was a conflict. Austria-Hungary occupied newly independent Balkan countries which angered them.
    - - They wanted to dominate Europe. They also wanted to spread their influence through imperialism
    - - The Ottoman Empire was falling because they were losing land due to Balkan countries becoming independent. This urged the Ottoman Empire to seize those land back again.
  - - - Britain needed to occupy Cyprus and Egypt and made Palestine and Iraq as mandates. France also took over Syria and Lebanon. The Ottoman Empire was falling and was about to become Turkey.
    - - Germany wanted world dominance. They said that Germany is better than other countries.
    - - The Russians had a growing middle class which frightened Germany which cause them to increase war productions.
  - - - Weltpolitik
        
        This was Germany's goal to get world dominance. This encouraged Germany to militarize and imperialize Asian countries.
      - Franco-Prussian War: The war between Modern France and Modern Germany. Germany won the war and it gave them the confidence to believe they were unbeatable. Led to bad blood between France and Germany. France loss Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.
      - M.A.I.N.
        
        Militarism is building large amounts of money on artillery. 300% has risen in spending weapons. Alliances were formed between Germany and Austria-Hungary who are the Central Powers and France, Britain, Russia, and the United States were the Allied Powers. Imperialism was practiced in Africa and the Asian countries which caused conflict between France, Britain, and Germany. Nationalism encouraged each country to be very patriotic and have a reason why their country is the best over others.
      - Naval Race
        
        The Eastern Question
        
        Russia needed the Black Sea to influence the newly independent Balkan countries. Britain also needed to occupy Cyprus and Egypt and made Palestine and Iraq as mandates. France also took over Syria and Lebanon.
    - - First Moroccan Crisis
        
        This occurred in 1905 where Germany attacked France and Britain at Morocco because Germany was afraid of their alliance becoming strong. Germany wanted to expose their weakness but failed.
      - Bosnian Crisis
        
        This occurred in 1908 where Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina which was formally Turkey's land. This angered Serbia because they wanted to create a Greater Serbia and have access to the sea. Russia did not like Austria-Hungary ruling the Slavs.
      - Second Moroccan Crisis
        
        This occurred in 1911 where France sent troops there to suppress a revolt. Germany sent a boat to Agadir to pressurize France to give them compensation for their suppression. They wanted Congo from France which was given to them but with only small strips of it.
      - First Balkan War
        
        This occurred in 1912 where Serbia, Greece and Montenegro formed a Balkan alliance. They wanted to force Turkey from the Balkans by getting Macedonia and dividing the land between themselves. Austria-Hungary did not like this because Serbia was gaining power which called for war.
      - Second Balkan War
        
        This occurred in 1913 where Bulgaria declared war on Serbia and Greece because of their occupied land. They felt that there were too many Bulgarians living in areas given to Greece and Serbia. Serbia won which made it stronger which angered Austria-Hungary.
      - The July Crisis
        
        The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked the start of WWI because Serbia sent terrorist to kill the Archduke which made Germany and Austria-Hungary to declare war which then made Russia declare war on Germany which then influenced Britain and France to declare war on Germany. This occurred in 28 June 1914.
    - - Killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the Austrians t declare war on Serbia. Serbia called their ally Russia and Austria called their ally Germany.
  - - - Britain needed their navy in order to travel to their colonies and defend their territory. Germany needed as much weapons as possible to gain the world dominance. France was agricultural and had a lot of money gained from their crops. Austria-Hungary did not have any economic strength. Russia had a rapid growing middle class and rapid industrialization. The Ottoman Empire did not have economic strength.
- - - - Central Powers
        
        They wanted to take over France by using the Schlieffen Plan. They would rapidly raid nearby territory. On the Eastern front, they defend against Russian artillery. They would also target civilians.
      - Allied Powers
        
        Their war aims was to take down the Central Powers' artillery. They would also target civilians.
    - - Land
        
        There was trench warfare on the Western front. Machine guns were mounted to shoot troops on the other side of the trench. Grenades were thrown to explode enemies. There was also mustard gas that burned lungs and eyes. Tanks were able to counter the stalemate at the trenches but overheated quickly which became unreliable
      - Air
        
        At first, airships were used by Britain to transport ships and spotting U-boats. Germans used the Zeppelin airplane to bomb civilians and factories in Britain. There were raids on London, southeast England, East Coast, and the Midlands. Bomber aircrafts were now a major factor in the war, such as the Gotha, to shoot more bombs. They can easily attack trenches and troop concentrations. They can spot enemy positions and attack on specific targets. There were also dog fights were machine guns were mounted on airplanes in order to attack other airplanes. 3,000 civilians were attacked by bomb fired from the Gotha.
      - Sea
        
        Ships were important to transport soldiers and food. U-boats were used by Germans to destroy boats with torpedoes. Britain won the sea battle as they blocked the paths of the U-boats.
    - - Home front
        
        France suffered a lot of damages as major battles occurred there. A lot of land was gone and were demolished. France had to recover land from the Battle of Verdun and Somme. France suffered many civilian deaths by German artillery. Britain also suffered many land being demolished by bombs shot by Germans. Many civilians died from the bombs. About 3,000 were killed. Germany did not suffer any damages to land nor did a lot of civilians died.
      - Deliberate targets of war :
        
        Civilians were targeted heavily. They were attacked because they were a key element for a country to surrender and become weaker as the population is decreasing and easily taken over. This was one of Germany's goal in order to get France.
      - Impact of economic warfare
        
        Civilians suffered hyper inflation in Germany. Since Germany had to pay large amounts of reparations, almost all the civilians were broke and could not buy enough of vital items. However, in Britain and U.S, they made a lot of money as they had its civilians work in factories and had been paid fairly. Their economy also raised because they traded and had women working for the first time in history which made more items sold and paying of the salary of the civilians.
  - - - Land
        
        The Western front had to worry about the Schlieffen plan. This plan was created by Germany. Many trench warfare occurred in the western front. Germany wanted to conquer France as fast as they could before Russians mobilized on the Eastern front. This plan failed since Russia arrive at the eastern front. Russia created a new defense system which weakened Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Russia had limited amounts of armament, they had better artillery than Austria-Hungary. Since the plan failed, Russia was able to mobilize quickly.
      - Sea
        
        Ships were to transport soldiers and food to make each country keep on fighting and survive. U-boats, created by Germany, were used to sink battleships and other ships by shooting a torpedo at them. This was practiced in the Battle of Jutland. Britain used a naval blockade which made them win the naval battle because Germany was suffering. This was also caused because of Britain's strong navy.
      - Air
        
        There was many raids on London, southeast England, East Coast, and the Midlands. This gained land and materials. Bombs were also used to target specific targets to destroy a trench, bases, or civilian populations. Dog fights were also a major factor in aerial fights in order to assert dominance in the air.
- - - - The greatest success of peacekeeping after World War 1 was the creation of the League of Nations. The League of Nations was the organization that was the promotion of global peace.
    - - The treaty of Versailles was not effective in keeping peace. It caused Germany to be extremely bankrupt. They split up the alliance between Germany and Austria as well.
  - - - Dynamics within
        
        France was eager to punish Germany as possible. They wanted to make sure. Britain was the middle man between the other two nations. Had no hate for Germans other than the Great war. The U.S. wanted to maintain world peace and imposed the League of Nations.
      - American vision of peace
        
        Americans wanted to impose the League of Nations. This was their new idea of keeping the world peaceful. Derived from the fourteen point from Woodrow Wilson. Didn't want Germany to be destroyed because it will only cause another World War.
      - British vision of Peace
        
        British idea of peace was a middle ground between the U.S. and France. France was the most hostile of the two nations because of their close proximity. Britain just wanted to make sure that Germany was weak. Not too weak to fight communism. Wanted German colonies to be mandates of the League of Nation
      - French vision of peace
        
        France had wanted no type of peace with Germany. Wanted to see them crumble and take all their old land back. Wanted them to be blamed for the war and never recover. Feared the Germans taking over them again.