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Perez_ Saadia _Causes and Effects of World War One (The Causes of World…

- - - - M: wanted a navy and greater military (competition with Britain)
        I: wanted overseas empire, world domination (Weltpolitik)
        N: greatest country, Weltpolitik expansion. other countries are dumb
    - - M: wanted to militarily annex Serbia into their territory
        I: acquire Serbia and places in the Balkans
        N: they believed naturally that their country was better than Serbia
    - - M: wanted Alsace-Lorraine back, military power I: expansion through colonies (Balkans + Alsace-Lorraine +Saar)
        N: were a greater nation, wanted revenge from Germany
    - - M: greatest navy in the world but then encountered competition from Germany
        I: has many colonies across the world and is with neutral Belgium
        N: their empire was the biggest and they didn't want Germany with more power than them especially over the seas
    - - M: had a huge population, and a fairly big military
        I: wanted areas in the Balkans
        N: they were a better country than the others
    - - M: weak military
        I:weak hold in the Balkans, very unstable
        N: the people were unhappy with the Sultan (weak position)
  - - - Franco-Prussian War
        1870-71 Prusiian Army defeats and humiliates France which leads to German Unification
      - M.A.I.N.
        Militarism is the ideology that one's nation must augment its military to advance and obtain what it wants.
        Alliances are the interconnected systems and reliance of countries on each other
        Imperialism is the ideology of obtain other colonies and pieces of land to create an empire and have control on various places
        Nationalism is the love and passion of one's country to the point that you put other countries down and deem them inferior
      - Weltpolitik
        basically translates to world politics and world domination; an ideology to make Germany a colonial power, overseas empire and a navy
        
        The Naval Race
        competition between Germany and Great Britain in the early 1900s over sea domination through the construction of new, better, and more battleships
      - The Eastern Question the competition and instability in The Ottoman Empire; European Great Powers wanted to take over the land there because of the political and economic instability
    - - First Moroccan Crisis
        1905 instability in the Balkans. Germany attacks France in Morocco which then calls for an international crisis. Entente Cordial strengthened; disaster for Germany
      - Bosnian Crisis
        1908 Austria Hungary annexed Bosnia who was then backed up Germany after facing immense backlash but Russia backed down
      - Second Moroccan Crisis 1911 France sent troops to Agadir per the request of the Sultan where Germany then intercepts them and tries to compensate for French Congo, only gets some territory; another loss for Germany
      - First Balkan War
        1912 Russia encourages Serbia, Greece and Montengro to form alliance and force Turkey out. Austria enraged; almost had a war but peace conference was held; resentment between A-H and Serbia grew
      - Second Balkan War
        1913 Bulgaria and Serbia fought over land. A-H looked to Germany to back up Bulgaria but they urged restraint; Serbia wins and emerges powerful after Bulgaria loses land
      - The July Crisis
        1914 The ultimatum sent to Serbia from A-H after the death of Franz Ferdinand resulted in great delay
    - - The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
        June 28, 1914 the archduke was assassinated when he was visiting Serbia by the Serbian Black Hand Movement because they wanted Serbia greater
  - - - Fritz Fischer - war was a result of German expansionist ambitions after he got hold of "September Programme. weltpolitik, war would solve domestic problems and socialism
      - John Keegan - July Crisis and miscommunication of objectives that caused the war
- - - - Air:Zeppelins used to bomb territories and factories. Aircrafts used to track enemy troops, or specific targets.
      - Land: Schlieffen Plan- Germany wants to quickly attack France before Russian troops mobilize. Trench warfare fought with artillery. Led to huge losses in no man's land during offensive attacks.
      - Sea: Submarine warfare through U-boats, blockades, torpedoes, attacking merchant ships.
- - - - American vision of the peace: Wanted to to end secret treaties and diplomacy, freedom of the seas, arms reduction, adjustment of colonial problems, etc. They didn't want harsh terms on Germany because they weren't affected much.
      - French vision of the peace: Wanted to make Germany as small as possible, regarding their power and how powerful they were. Wanted to keep Germany out of Africa ad out of Colonial business.
      - Dynamics within the Conference: Germany was to take all blame, meaning they payed $31.4 billion in reparations. The main focus was Germany and assuring they would not cause trouble again.
      - British vision of the peace: Wanted evacuation of occupied territory, ad wanted a international political organization to end wars. Took "middle ground", wanted Germany to have no navy.