12 year-old boy that is lactose intolerant. Broken elbow and protruding bone in upper right arm. Also fragments in arm.

Background Information

Long Bone

Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Medullary Cavity

A tubular shaft that runs between proximal and distal ends of the bone

Yellow Marrow

stored fats, can be used as energy source

mesenchymal stem cells

They can develop into bone, fat, cartilage, or muscle cells

walls are composed of compact bone

Filled with spongy bone

Wider sections of each end of bone.

red marrow fills space

Epiphyseal plate

layer of hyaline cartilage

matured cartilage is replaced with osseus tissue

epiphyseal plate is now epiphyseal line

growth plate

hematopietic

cells of bone tissue

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteogenic cells

Osteoclasts

secrete osteiods

bone forming cells

unmineralized bone matrix

mitotically active stem cells

periosteum

endosteum

Mature bone cells

respond to stimuli

communicates with osteoblasts and osteoclasts for remolding

made up of collagen

made up of calcium binding proteins

collagen makes up 90% of bone protein

breakdown of bone

Broken (right) elbow

protruding bone in upper arm

Lactose Intolerant

Bone healing

Bone production

Bone Remodeling

Inflamation

Nutrition

Dark green leafy veggies

Vitamins

Lactose- free options

Calcium supplements

increases risk

Heart disease

Kidney stones

Homeostatic set points

loss/difficulty of mobility

fractured pieces might have pierced other areas

lack of calcium, body will take from bones

causes weak bone, osteoporosis

causes mood problems

irritability

anxiety

depression

difficulty sleeping

damage to surrounding tissues

possible infection

damage to blood supply

Types of bone fractures

Comminuted

fracture in 3 or more places

spiral

ragged break occurs while twisting

depressed

broken bone that is pressed inward

compression

bone is crushed

Epiphyseal

epiphysis separates from diaphysis

Greenstick

bone breaks incompletely

running and fell forward on his arm

lack of calcium intake

epiphyseal plate

location

hyaline cartilage plate

metaphysis at each end of long bone

role

respinsible for longitudinal growth of bone

Signaling of healing process

inflammatory phase

cartilaginous Callus formation

bone Callus Formation

Remodeling Phase

Immune cells and fracture healing

Immune cell function and Origin

Hematoma formation

acts as a future template for callus formation

mesenchymal progenitor cells are recruited

calcification of fracture callus

last faze of healing repair

clot formation

tissue granulation

cell recruitment

platelets

non- nucleated cells

primary function is clotting

Supports the body

Protects organs

Produces blood cells

Maintain mineral homeostasis

Bone cells maintain homeostasis

Osteocytes

Osteoclasts

osteoblasts

Make new bone

Regulate mineral homeostasis

Dissolve mineral in bone