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Blood vessels - structure and function (Arterioles (Smallest "…
Blood vessels - structure and function
Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart.
Elastic blood vessel.
Two main types of arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Then it picks up oxygen.
Systemic arteries
Deliver blood to the rest of the body.
Main + largest artery of the body is the aorta. Originates from the heart. Branches out into smaller arteries then supplies blood to the head region (brachiocephalic artery) to the heart (coronary arteries) and to lower parts of the body.
Veins
Carries blood towards the heart.
Carry oxygen depleted blood to the atrium of the heart.
Four expectations
Transport oxygenated blood to the upper chamber of the heart.
Deoxygenated blood is transported by most veins. Collected from capillaries by venules.
Arterioles
Smallest "resistance arteries".
Thick tunica media, little compliance.
Diameter is controlled by local factors (intrinsic) + sympathetic division (extrinsic) + long term factors (hormones).
Metarterioles - upstream of capillary beds.
precapillary sphincters - controls blood reaching capillary bed.
venules
The minute vessels collect blood from the capillary plexuses to join together to form veins.
Capillaries
From the blood stream to the tissues, allows diffusion of different substances.
Capillarization
Capillary bed - high density,. Groups of capillaries forming a network.
To parts of the body, development of capillary network.
Increasing the number + density of capillaries by aerobic training which improves capillarization of the heart + skeletal muscles.