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Ch. 7-8: Asian/African empires (8.1 Diverse societies in africa (animism a…

- - - - Wealthy Buddhist merchants who were eager to do good deeds paid for the construction of stupas (mounded stone structures built over over holy relics.
      - Those who accepted the new doctrines belonged to the Mahayana sect. Those who held to Buddha's original teachings belonged to the Theravada sect.
      - The three moat important Hindu gods were Brahma creator of the world, Vishnu the preserver of the world, and Shiva destroyer of the world.
      - One of the greatest Indian writers was Kalidasa
        
        Achievements of Indian Culture
      - Spread of Indian trade
        
        Routes called Silk Roads were used by traders to bring silk from China to western Asia and then to Rome.
      - 7.3 Han Emperors in China
        
        Han Restore Unity To China
        
        The Han dynasty ruled China for over 400 years. Liu Bang declared himself as emperor and used policies of centralized government (central authority controls the running of a state.
        
        A Highly Structured Society
        
        The bureaucracy included 18 different civil service jobs, which were government jobs civilians obtained by taking exams.
        
        Han Technology, Commerce, and Culture
        
        The government established monopolies on salt, iron, coins and brewing of alcohol. A monopoly occurs when a group has exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods.
        
        The Han Unifies Chinese culture
        
        To unify the empire, the Chinese government encouraged the use of assimilation. This is the process of making conquered peoples part of china.
        
        The Fall of the Han and their Return
        
        The rich took advantage of the poor (mainly their land) and wang man overthrew the Han. After wang mang's assassination the Han took control once again