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Integumentary System Leslie Ayala (Skin Cancer (2 types of tumors…
Integumentary System Leslie Ayala
body membranes
Mucus Membrane- Made of Epithelial cells (Function: produce mucus that keeps the membranes soft and moist)
Synovial Membrane
Synovial Fluid- Lubrication, reduce friction
Connective tissue ONLY: Soft areolar, no epithelial tissue (Location: lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints)
Serous Membrane- Membrane that lines body cavities and covers organ surfaces
Cutaneous membrane- Primary organ of Integumentary system (Membrane that covers the body surface) - Skin
Layers of the skin
2.Dermis- (Inner layer) Dense fibrous connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers; Contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, etc.
Hypodermis- (underlying layer of subcutaneous) Anchors skin to the underlying structures acting as a shock absorber and insulator to reduce heat loss
1.Epidermis- (outer layer) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial ; oxygen and nutrients diffuse from dermis
Layers of dermis( Skin- second major skin region)
Papillary layer
Papilla= any small fleshy projection
Where we get our fingerprints, prevents skin tearing
Reticular Layer- Many appendages are located here sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles and nerve receptors
Accessory organ :
Glands
Eccrine Sweat glands- Found almost anywhere, abundant on palms, soles and forehead
Apocrine Glands- Found in axillary and genital areas, found deeper in dermis and larger than eccrine glands
Sudoriferous Glands- Distributed over the entire skin except nipples, lips and Cu some genitalia
Mammary glands- specialized sweat glands, secretes milk
Cu :taneous Glands- Are Exocrine (Secrete product onto surface of skin)
Sebaceous (oil) glands- Found all over the body except on palms and soles of feet, secrete an oily substance called sebum
Skin Cancer
2 types of tumors
Malignant - Grows relentlessly and may become killers
Benign ( Most tumors like warts)- Does not spread and grows slowly
Cancer- When cells fail to follow normal controls of cell division
Basal Cell Carcinoma- Least malignant but most common skin cancer; Occur most often on skin exposed areas of face
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-( second most common skin) Affects men more than women
Malignant Melanoma - Most deadly of skin cancer, Highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
Infections
Psoriasis- A chronic condition characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales
Athletes foot- an itchy red, peeling condition of the skin between toes resulting from a fungal infection
Contact Dermatitis- Itching, redness and swelling of the skin progressing to blistering
Impetigo - Pink, water filled, raised lesion that develop yellow crust and eventually rupture
Burns-
Second Degree burn - Skin is red with blisters ( Burns epidermis and upper dermis)
Third degree burns - Burn in gray white, cherry red or black( Burns entire skin layer)
First degree burn - Skin is red and swollen (Burns epidermis)
Layers of epidermis (Deep to superficial)
Stratum Granulosum- Very thin region layers, last layer that can obtain nutrients from diffusion, The process of Keratinization begins here and cells die
Stratum Lucidum( Clear layer) - Translucent layer that looks like a band; visible only in thick skin
Stratum Spinosum (prickly cell layers) - Several cell layers thick of flattened cells with bundles of keratin, Cells in this layer form Desmosomes fusing the cells together in a tight mass giving its spiky appearance.
Stratum Corneum (Outmost Layer)- Protection against abrasion and penetration water repellant (prevents water loss)
Stratum Basale-Sits on basement membrane, cells constantly dividing (mitosis)
Accessory Organs
Hair
Medulla- Central core( center of hair)
Cortex- surrounds medulla (Middle bulky layer)
Shaft- part that's above the skin(shape of shaft determines hair types)
Cuticle- Outside of cortex, single layer of cells that overlap each other
Root- embedded part in the skin
Hair follicle- wall around the hair, Deep end of the follicle forms a hair bulb
Bulb- Swelling at the base where hair originates
Hair papilla (dermal papilla)- Dermal connective tissue protrudes into hair bulb
Hair structure- Made by cells in the follicle, made of fused keratinized cells
Hair Matrix (growth zone)- Actively dividing area of the hair bulb, produces the hair
Hair pigment- Made by melanocytes at the base of the follicle
Arrector pili- Muscle contraction pulls the hair follicle to an upright position, response to fear or cold temperatures ( Goosebumps)
Alopecia- Thinning of hair or baldness
Hirsutism- Excessive hairiness