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Integumentary System Evelyn Higareda P.1 (Functions of Integumentary…
Integumentary System Evelyn Higareda P.1
Body Membranes
synovial: fluid readily exchanges water and nutrients with blood, as do all body fluids
type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a feely movable joint
surrounds the shoulder, elbow, and knee
mucous: lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs
a composite of connective and epithelial tissues
glands in the mucous membrane make mucus
serous: lubricates and protects the organs
made up of mesothelium tissue originates from mesoderm
parietal membrane lines up body cavity
cutaneous: lower most layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates
made from epithelial
located everywhere in body cover
Functions of Integumentary System
rule of nines
arm 4 1/2
head 4 1/2
chest 18
leg 9
melanin; brown to yellow
caused by exposure to sun
carotene: yellow or orange
makes cell parts and coverts vitamin A
hemoglobin: dark red or pink
moles
albinism: white hair skin lashes
doesn't have melanin
palle
vitiligo: white spots all over body
melanocytes dies
gentically
jaundice: yellow skin or eyes
sign of liver disorder
squamous cell either a cancer or malignant melanoma
grows and metastasize to lymph
formed in hand or head
most deadly
spreads as a patch
burns
1st: skin is red and swollen
2nd: skin is red and blistered
3rd: high risk for fluid loss
Layers of Skin
epidermis: outer most layer of skin composed of multiple layers of skin flattened skin
avascular doesn't have any blood vessels
dermis: main function of the dermis defensive, offers protection against trauma and injury
has connective tissue, blood vessels, sebaceous, and sweat glands
found in the inner layer of skin
hypodermis: layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect skin to underlying fascle of the bones and muscles
not strictly a part of skin
consists of well vascularized, loose, areolar, connective tissue, and adipose tissue
stratum: can be 5 things
Basale: stratum germanium where cells constantly divide
spinosum: cells in the layers form desmosomes fusing one cells together
lucidum: only visible in thick skin
granulosum: process of keratinization begins here and cells begin to die
corneum: outer most layer where there is dead cells and there is high level of keratin
cells of eperdimis
melanocytes: produces melanin located in bottom of skin
keratinocytes: produces keratin
lengernans: plays primary role in the onset and regulation of the immune
tactile: rarely found and associate with sensory nerves
accessory organs
cutaneous gland:it's the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates
sebaclous gland: microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy mattle
sudoriferous (sweat gland): small tubular structures situated within and under the skin
eccrine: secrete water to the skin surface and pores are formed
blackheads: appears on surface of surface of skin when a sebaceous gland duct is blocked
acne: active inflammation of the subaceous glands accompanied by pimples caused by infection
nails
nail plate: the hard part of the nail
the free edge is the overhang of the tip of the nail
the nail body is the clear part in nail
lunule is the white crescent at proximal end of nail
nail matrix the zone where the nail grows