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Case: Patient with burns due to hot oil accident (Pysiology (Cells…
Case: Patient with burns due to hot oil accident
Pysiology
Body systems
Reproductive
Produces gametes/sex hormone
Endocrine
Slow communication via hormone secretion
Digestive
Process food, nutrient absorption, waste removal
Lymphatic
Returns fluid/blood to circulation
Urinary
Electrolyte and water balance through blood filtration
Nitrogenous waste removal
Muscular
Movement
Body Temperature
Cardiovascular
Transports nutrients, gasses, and hormones
Regulates tempeture
Integumentary
1st line of defense
Protects organs from injury
Synthesis Vitamin D
Cutaneous receptor and oil/sweat glands
Water loss prevention
Nervous
Rapid communication via neuro transmitters
Skeletal
Support and movement
Hematopoiesis
mineral storage
Homeostasis
Stable internal conditions despite enviromental changes
Respiratory
Acid/base balance
gas exchange
Body regions
Cubital
Elbow
Cephalic
Frontal
forehead
Digits
fingers
Pectoral
Chest
Manus
Hand
Antebrachial
Lower arm
Brachial
upper arm
Abdominal
Stomach area
Acromail
Shoulder
Cells structures
Nucleolus
In nucleus/stores RNA and Protein
Vacuole
Stores material
Mitochondria
ATP production, cellular respiration
Nucleus
contains DNA, Control center
Ribosome
Makes proteins
Cell membrane
Controls what comes in and out of cell
Pinocytic Vesicle
Cell pinches off water and drinks it
Cytosol
Jelly like substance
Nuclear membrane
Has double Phospholipid bi layer and pores on it
Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes
Cytoplasm
Cytosol + Organelles
Pore
on nuclear membrane allows RNA out of the nucleus.
Junctions
Tight
usually on apical surface of cell, prevents things from moving in between cells found on our skin
Desmozones
proteins that form tunnels to allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell
Gap junctions
found on heart, give between cells reduce possibility of tearing under tension
Transport
Passive transport: No energy required
Facilitated diffusion
Specifically based on pore size/charge
Osmosis:water moving from a high area of concentration to a low area of concentration through a semi-permiable membrane
Tonicity: solution changes shape or tone of cells by altering cells internal water volume
Isotonic: Same osmality as inside cell
To our blood. 0.9%NaCl and 5% Glucose
Hypotonic
Lower osmality than inside cell
Hypertionic
High osmality than inside cell
Simple diffusion
Non polar lipid solubles diffuse through
Filtration
Division of small and large particles with help of source
Down the concentration gradient
Active transport: Energy required
Primary: required energy from ATP
Secondary: Energy obtained indirectly from gradients created by primary
Vesicular transport
Exocytosis: transports out of cell
Endocytosis: transports into cell
Receptor mediated
Extracelllular substance bind to specific proteins
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
Up/Against concentration gradient
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth
lipid metabolism, storage for Ca, Creates phospholipds, helps detox
Rough
Protein synthesis "work bench" ribosomes on it
Golgi Body
Packaging center for proteins
Centrosome
Made up of two centrioles
Centrioles
Makes spindle fibers
Chromatin
un-packaged DNA
Chromosomes
Tighly packaged DNA
Tissues: Put enough organelles together to perform a function you get tissues
Tissue Repair
Step 1: Inflammation chemical release, Dilation of blood vessels, clotting of blood
Step 2: Epithelium begins to regenerate. Blood clot replaced wit granulation tissue.
Step3: Scab detaches and fibrous tissue matures
Nervous
Neurons: transmit electrical signals
Axon: sends info away from cell
Dendrites: send info to cell body
Cell body: houses nucleus / info from dendrite
Muscular: responsible for movement
Skeletal:Attaches to and causes movement of bones
Voluntary
Cardiac: Found only in walls of heart
Involuntary
Intercalated disk: joints where cardiac cells are joined
Smooth: Found mainly in walls of hallow organs
Involuntary
Epithelial: Covers body surfaces or cavities
Avascular: Blood supply from underlying connective tissue
Simple squamous: Absorption of material
Capillary walls and lung air sacs
Stratified squamous: Protection
Inner esophagus, vagina, urethra
Simple cuboidal: secretion and absorption
Kidney tubules and glands
Simple columnar: absorption and secretion
lining mucosa of stomach and intestines
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar : movement of materials
lining most of the respiratory tract
Transition: forms lining of hallow urinary organs
bladder, ureters, and urethra
Glands: secrete fluid
Endocrine: internally secreting
Ductless
Exocrine: externally secreting
Ducts
Connective:most abundant primary tissue
Connective tissue proper
Loose
Areolar: Holds structures together
Under skin and between organs
Reticular:internal skeleton that supports other cell types
Lynph organs
Adipose: Support,padding, insulation, storage of fat
under skin and around organs
Dense
regular: Attaches muscle to bones or to muscle
Tendons and ligaments
Irregular: Withstands tension
Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints
Elastic:Allows tissue to recoil after steching
Walls of large arteries and bronchial tubes
Bone: Rigid support
Skeletal bones
Cartilage
Elastic: Similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers
Ears and Epiglotis
Fibrocartilage: Strong, between hyaline and dense regular
Pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc, and knee
Hyaline: Most abundant. Pliable support.
Ends of long bones, embyonic skeleton, trachea
Blood: transport respiratory gasses, nutrients, wastes
In blood vessels
Fibers: Provide support
Elastic Fibers: (black) allow for stretch and recoil
Collagen: (pink) strongest and most abundant protein in the body
Membrane linings
Mucous : Line the area that open to the outside of the body
Serous: Prevents friction between organs
Cutaneous: skin
Epidermis: Keratinized squamous epithelium
Stratum Corneum: Largest layer. protect, prevent water loss. barrier from the outside world.
Stratum Lucidum : translucent band of dead skin cells called keratinocytes
Stratum granulosome: Keratin builds up in cell.
Stratum Spinosum: prickly layer, Desmosomes for tension and pulling
2 more items...
Keratin: fibrous protein
Only in thick skin
Soles of feet/Palms of hands
outermost layer
Avascular
Dermis: Thick layer of connective tissue mostly fibrous
Papilary: Superficial areolar connective tissue
Reticular: Dense irregular connective tissue
Vascular: provides for the Epidermis
Burns
Rule of nines: estimates the extent and severity of burns
Ant./Post. head and neck: 9%
Ant./Post. upper limbs: 18%
Ant./Post. trunk: 36%
Anterior trunk: 18%
Each arm: 4&1/2%
Leg: 9%
Perineum: 1%
Ant./Post. lower limbs: 36%
Burns
critical:
-25% of body has 2nd degree burns, -10% of body has 3rd degree burns, Face hands or feet bear 3rd degree burns
Partial thicknes burns
2nd Degree Epidermal and Upper derma; damage
Blisters
1st Degree: epidermal damage only
Redness, edema, swelling
Full thickness burns
3rd Degree: Entire thickness of skin involved
Skin is grey/white color, No edema, skin grafting usually necessary
Area not painful because nerve endings are destroyed
Chemical: subtances
Electrical
Cold Tempeture: frost bite
Friction: rug burn
Radiation: chemical radiation/UV
Anatomy
Body Systems
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Cardiovascular system
Urinary system
Respiratory System
Lymphatic system
Endocrine System
Reproductive System
Digestive System
Homeostasis
Integumentary sytem
Body regions
Pectoral
Abdominal
Manus
Antebrachial
Cubitlal
Brachial
Digits
Cephalic
Frontal
Acromial
Cells structures
Nucleolus
Vacuole
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Pinocytic Vesicle
Cytosol
Chromatin
Nuclear membrane
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Pore
Junctions
Tight
Desmozones
Gap junctions
Transport
Passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Tonicity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertionic
Simple diffusion
Filtration
Active transport
Primary
Secondary
Vesicular transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Receptor mediated
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth
Rough
Golgi Body
Centrosome
Centrioles
Tissues
Epithelial tissue
Classification
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified cilliated columnar
Stratified squamous
Transition
Glands
Endocrine
Exocrine
Muscular tissue
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
Nervous tissue
Dendrites
Axon
Cell body
Connective
Connective tissue proper
Loose
Adipose
Reticular
Areolar
Dense
Irregular
Elastic
Regular
Bone
Blood
Cartilage
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
fibers
Elastic
Collogen
Membrane linings
Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous
Epidermis
Thin skin
Stratum Corneum
Stratum granulosome
Stratum Spinosum
1 more item...
Thick Skin
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum granulosome
1 more item...
Dermis
Papilary
Reticular
Burns
Rule of nines
1st Degree
3rd Degree
2nd Degree
Chemical
Electrical
Cold Tempeture
Friction
Radiation
Repair
Arms and hands
Due to the blistering I would imagine the patient has 2nd degree burns on his arms and hands
Healing time is a bit longer that 1st degree. Infection would be of most concern depending on severity of 2nd degree burn and blister opening up. Is usually painful.
Forehead
Due to the patient using his arms and his hands to protect his face he sustained 1st degree burns on his frontal area. some tenderness and redness may be seen/felt.
May remain tender and red for a few days. Some pain and discomfort is normal. usually no long term damage.
Chest and abdomen
Most concerning, overall would be patients abdominal area. Skin is grey/white in color with almost no pain and minimal swelling. Burn is considered CRITICAL because more than 10% of his body has sustained a 3rd degree burn.
Least painful due to nerve endings being destroyed. Most severe burn. Dr.'s main concern: Dehydration/ Water loss leads to shock and organs failure, infection also a concern and must not be present if skin grafting is going to be needed. Temperature regulation is needed because patient can no longer maintain body temp. accurately.
Patient was not acquainted with proper methods of frying a turkey and the dangers involved
Patient dropped a frozen turkey into a large tub of BOILING hot oil causing it to explode all over him